וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ סָבִ֣יב לֵאמֹ֔ר הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם עֲלֹ֥ות בָּהָ֖ר וּנְגֹ֣עַ בְּקָצֵ֑הוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהָ֖ר מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃
And you shall set boundaries for the people all around, saying, ‘Take heed to yourselves not to go up the mountain or touch its edge. Whoever touches the mountain shall surely be put to death.
Morphology
- וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֤ (vehigbalta) – Root: גבול (g-v-l); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Hifil, Perfect, 2ms; Translation: “And you shall set boundaries”; Notes: Refers to the act of marking a perimeter around the mountain.
- אֶת־הָעָם֙ (et-haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Direct object marker + Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “The people”; Notes: The object receiving the action of setting boundaries.
- סָבִ֣יב (saviv) – Root: סבב (s-v-v); Form: Adverb; Translation: “All around”; Notes: Indicates the scope of the boundaries.
- לֵאמֹ֔ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Preposition + Infinitive construct; Translation: “Saying”; Notes: Introduces the content of the command.
- הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ (hishameru) – Root: שׁמר (sh-m-r); Form: Verb, Nifal, Imperative, 2mp; Translation: “Take heed”; Notes: A warning to the people to avoid transgressing the boundary.
- לָכֶ֛ם (lachem) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + 2mp suffix; Translation: “To yourselves”; Notes: Directs the warning to the audience.
- עֲלֹ֥ות (ʿalot) – Root: עלה (ʿ-l-h); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “To go up”; Notes: Describes the prohibited action.
- בָּהָ֖ר (bahar) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “The mountain”; Notes: Specifies the location of the boundary.
- וּנְגֹ֣עַ (unegoaʿ) – Root: נגע (n-g-ʿ); Form: Conjunction + Infinitive construct; Translation: “Or touch”; Notes: Adds another prohibition.
- בְּקָצֵ֑הוּ (bekatzehu) – Root: קצה (q-tz-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix; Translation: “Its edge”; Notes: Refers to the edge of the mountain.
- כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ (kol-hanogeaʿ) – Root: נגע (n-g-ʿ); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + Participle, Qal, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “Whoever touches”; Notes: Identifies the violator of the prohibition.
- בָּהָ֖ר (bahar) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “The mountain”; Notes: Specifies the prohibited location.
- מֹ֥ות (mot) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Infinitive absolute; Translation: “Surely”; Notes: Expresses the certainty of the punishment.
- יוּמָֽת׃ (yumat) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Verb, Hofal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He shall be put to death”; Notes: Declares the consequence for violating the command.