וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אֹו־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמֹּ֖ו שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃
If a man borrows from his neighbor, and it is injured or dies, its owner not being with it, he shall surely make restitution.
Morphology
- וְכִֽי־ (veki) – Root: כי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “And if”; Notes: Introduces a conditional scenario.
- יִשְׁאַ֥ל (yishʾal) – Root: שאל (sh-ʾ-l); Form: Verb, Qal imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Borrows”; Notes: Describes the act of borrowing.
- אִ֛ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- מֵעִ֥ם (meʿim) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Preposition with the prepositional prefix “from”; Translation: “From”; Notes: Indicates the source of the borrowed item.
- רֵעֵ֖הוּ (reʿehu) – Root: רע (r-ʿ); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His neighbor”; Notes: The lender.
- וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר (venishbar) – Root: שבר (sh-b-r); Form: Verb, Niphal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “It is injured”; Notes: Describes damage occurring to the borrowed item.
- אֹו־ (o) – Root: או (ʾ-w); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Indicates alternative conditions.
- מֵ֑ת (met) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Verb, Qal perfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Dies”; Notes: Refers to the loss of the borrowed item.
- בְּעָלָ֥יו (beʿalav) – Root: בעל (b-ʿ-l); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Its owner”; Notes: Indicates the owner of the item.
- אֵין־ (ein) – Root: אין (ʾ-y-n); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the following phrase.
- עִמֹּ֖ו (immo) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Preposition with third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “With it”; Notes: Indicates the absence of the owner.
- שַׁלֵּ֥ם (shallem) – Root: שלם (sh-l-m); Form: Verb, Piel infinitive absolute; Translation: “Surely pay”; Notes: Emphasizes the requirement for restitution.
- יְשַׁלֵּֽם (yeshallem) – Root: שלם (sh-l-m); Form: Verb, Piel imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall pay”; Notes: Obligates the borrower to compensate for the loss.