Exodus 32:19

וַֽיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרַב֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיַּ֥רְא אֶת־הָעֵ֖גֶל וּמְחֹלֹ֑ת וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ מִיָּדָיו֙ אֶת־הַלֻּחֹ֔ת וַיְשַׁבֵּ֥ר אֹתָ֖ם תַּ֥חַת הָהָֽר׃

And it came to pass, as he came near to the camp, that he saw the calf and the dancing, and Moshe’s anger burned, and he cast the tablets from his hands and shattered them at the foot of the mountain.

Morphology

1. וַֽיְהִ֗י (vayehi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces the narrative sequence.
2. כַאֲשֶׁ֤ר (ka’asher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Compound conjunction; Translation: “As”; Notes: Marks a temporal clause.
3. קָרַב֙ (qarav) – Root: קרב (q-r-v); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “He came near”; Notes: Refers to Moshe approaching the camp.
4. אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה (el-hammachaneh) – Root: מחנה (m-ḥ-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “To the camp”; Notes: Indicates Moshe’s destination.
5. וַיַּ֥רְא (vayyar) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he saw”; Notes: Refers to Moshe observing the scene.
6. אֶת־הָעֵ֖גֶל (et-haʿegel) – Root: עגל (ʿ-g-l); Form: Direct object marker + Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The calf”; Notes: Refers to the golden calf.
7. וּמְחֹלֹ֑ת (umcholot) – Root: חול (ḥ-w-l); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “And the dancing”; Notes: Indicates celebratory or ritualistic dancing.
8. וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף (vayyiḥar-af) – Root: חרה (ḥ-r-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “And his anger burned”; Notes: Refers to Moshe’s intense reaction.
9. מֹשֶׁ֗ה (Moshe) – Root: משה (m-sh-h); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: Refers to Moses.
10. וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ (vayyashelakh) – Root: שלך (sh-l-kh); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Hiphil, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he cast”; Notes: Refers to Moshe throwing the tablets.
11. מִיָּדָיו֙ (miyyadav) – Root: יד (y-d); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine plural construct + Pronoun, 3ms suffix; Translation: “From his hands”; Notes: Indicates the tablets being cast down.
12. אֶת־הַלֻּחֹ֔ת (et-halluchot) – Root: לוח (l-w-ḥ); Form: Direct object marker + Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “The tablets”; Notes: Refers to the stone tablets of the covenant.
13. וַיְשַׁבֵּ֥ר (vayyeshaber) – Root: שׁבר (sh-b-r); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he shattered”; Notes: Refers to Moshe breaking the tablets.
14. אֹתָ֖ם (otam) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Pronoun, 3mp; Translation: “Them”; Notes: Refers to the tablets.
15. תַּ֥חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition; Translation: “At the foot of”; Notes: Indicates the location where the tablets were shattered.
16. הָהָֽר׃ (hahar) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The mountain”; Notes: Refers to Mount Sinai.