סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם עֵ֖גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לֹו֙ וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־לֹ֔ו וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶֽעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
They have quickly turned aside from the way that I commanded them; they have made for themselves a molten calf, and they have bowed down to it, and they have sacrificed to it, and they said, ‘These are your gods, Yisra’el, who brought you up out of the land of Mitsrayim.’”
Morphology
- סָ֣רוּ (saru) – Root: סור (s-w-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3mp; Translation: “They have turned aside”; Notes: Indicates deviation from the commanded path.
- מַהֵ֗ר (maher) – Root: מהר (m-h-r); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Quickly”; Notes: Describes the haste of their deviation.
- מִן־ (min) – Root: מן (m-n); Form: Preposition; Translation: “From”; Notes: Indicates separation from the path.
- הַדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ (haderekh) – Root: דרך (d-r-k); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The way”; Notes: Refers to the prescribed path or command.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces the clause describing the command.
- צִוִּיתִ֔ם (tsiwwitim) – Root: צוה (ṣ-w-h); Form: Verb, Piel, Perfect, 1cs + 3mp suffix; Translation: “I commanded them”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s instructions to the Israelites.
- עָשׂ֣וּ (asu) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3mp; Translation: “They have made”; Notes: Describes the people’s action of creating the calf.
- לָהֶ֔ם (lahem) – Root: ל (l) + הם (h-m); Form: Preposition + Pronoun, 3mp; Translation: “For themselves”; Notes: Indicates self-directed actions.
- עֵ֖גֶל (egel) – Root: עגל (ʿ-g-l); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “A calf”; Notes: Describes the idol they made.
- מַסֵּכָ֑ה (massekha) – Root: נסך (n-s-k); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Molten”; Notes: Refers to the material and form of the idol.
- וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לֹו֙ (vayyishtachavu-lo) – Root: שׁחה (sh-ḥ-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Hishtaphel, Imperfect, 3mp + Pronoun, 3ms suffix; Translation: “And they bowed down to it”; Notes: Indicates worship of the calf.
- וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־לֹ֔ו (vayyizbechu-lo) – Root: זבח (z-b-ḥ); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp + Pronoun, 3ms suffix; Translation: “And they sacrificed to it”; Notes: Refers to offerings made to the idol.
- וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ (vayyo’meru) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3mp; Translation: “And they said”; Notes: Indicates the people’s proclamation.
- אֵ֤לֶּה (elleh) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, common plural; Translation: “These”; Notes: Refers to the molten calf as their gods.
- אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ (elohekha) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct + Pronoun, 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your gods”; Notes: Addressed to Yisra’el, declaring the idol as their deity.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (s-r-h) + אל (ʾ-l); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces the clause describing the idol’s role.
- הֶֽעֱל֖וּךָ (he’elukha) – Root: עלה (ʿ-l-h); Form: Verb, Hiphil, Perfect, 3mp + Pronoun, 2ms suffix; Translation: “Brought you up”; Notes: Refers to the people’s claim about the idol leading them out of Mitsrayim.
- מֵאֶ֥רֶץ (me’eretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “Out of the land of”; Notes: Refers to Mitsrayim.
- מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (m-ṣ-r); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt.