Exodus 5:10

וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ נֹגְשֵׂ֤י הָעָם֙ וְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃

And the taskmasters of the people and their officers went out and spoke to the people, saying, “Thus says Parʿo, ‘I will not give you straw.’

Morphology

1. וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ (vayeitze’u) – Root: יצא (y-tz-a); Form: Qal imperfect, 3mp with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And they went out”; Notes: Indicates an action of going out.
2. נֹגְשֵׂ֤י (nogshei) – Root: נגשׂ (n-g-sh); Form: Participle, mp construct; Translation: “The taskmasters of”; Notes: Refers to those overseeing forced labor.
3. הָעָם֙ (haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun, singular definite; Translation: “The people”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
4. וְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו (veshotrav) – Root: שוטר (sh-t-r); Form: Noun, mp with 3ms pronominal suffix; Translation: “And their officers”; Notes: Indicates those responsible for organizing the labor.
5. וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ (vayomru) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Qal imperfect, 3mp with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And they said”; Notes: Marks direct speech introduction.
6. אֶל־הָעָ֖ם (el-haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Prepositional phrase; Translation: “To the people”; Notes: Specifies the audience of the speech.
7. לֵאמֹ֑ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “Saying”; Notes: Indicates reported speech.
8. כֹּ֚ה (koh) – Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a formal proclamation.
9. אָמַ֣ר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Qal perfect, 3ms; Translation: “Said”; Notes: Refers to Pharaoh’s statement.
10. פַּרְעֹ֔ה (Parʿoh) – Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: Refers to the king of Egypt.
11. אֵינֶ֛נִּי (eineni) – Root: אין (ʾ-y-n); Form: Negative particle with 1cs suffix; Translation: “I am not”; Notes: Indicates negation.
12. נֹתֵ֥ן (noten) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Qal participle, ms; Translation: “Giving”; Notes: Expresses the act of providing.
13. לָכֶ֖ם (lachem) – Root: לכם (l-k-m); Form: Prepositional phrase; Translation: “To you”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
14. תֶּֽבֶן (teven) – Root: תבן (t-v-n); Form: Noun, singular absolute; Translation: “Straw”; Notes: Essential for brickmaking.