וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִיהִ֥י בָרָ֖ד בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עַל־הָאָדָ֣ם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וְעַ֛ל כָּל־עֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
And YHWH said to Moshe, “Stretch out your hand toward the heavens, and there will be hail in all the land of Mitsrayim—on man, on beast, and on every plant of the field throughout the land of Mitsrayim.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Narrative continuation verb.
- יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper Noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- אֶל־מֹשֶׁה (ʾel-Mosheh) – Root: משה (m-sh-h); Form: Preposition + Proper Noun; Translation: “To Moshe”; Notes: Directs the command to Moses.
- נְטֵ֤ה (nete) – Root: נטה (n-t-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperative, 2ms; Translation: “Stretch out”; Notes: Imperative verb expressing a command.
- אֶת־יָֽדְךָ֙ (ʾet-yadkha) – Root: יד (y-d); Form: Direct Object Marker + Noun, fs with 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your hand”; Notes: Refers to Moses’ action.
- עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם (ʿal-hashamayim) – Root: שמים (sh-m-y-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “Toward the heavens”; Notes: Indicates direction.
- וִיהִ֥י (vihi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav conjunction; Translation: “And there will be”; Notes: Predictive of the impending hail.
- בָרָ֖ד (barad) – Root: ברד (b-r-d); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “Hail”; Notes: Refers to a weather phenomenon.
- בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ (bekhol-eretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Preposition + Noun, fs construct; Translation: “In all the land of”; Notes: Specifies the area affected.
- מִצְרָ֑יִם (Mitzrayim) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper Noun; Translation: “Egypt”; Notes: Refers to the land of Egypt.
- עַל־הָאָדָ֣ם (ʿal-haʾadam) – Root: אדם (ʾ-d-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “On man”; Notes: Indicates people as targets of the hail.
- וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה (vəʿal-habbehemah) – Root: בהמה (b-h-m-h); Form: Conjunction + Preposition + Noun, fs with definite article; Translation: “And on the beast”; Notes: Refers to livestock.
- וְעַ֛ל כָּל־עֵ֥שֶׂב (vəʿal kol-ʿesev) – Root: עשב (ʿ-s-b); Form: Conjunction + Preposition + Noun, ms construct; Translation: “And on every plant of”; Notes: Specifies vegetation as affected.
- הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה (hasadeh) – Root: שדה (s-d-h); Form: Noun, ms with definite article; Translation: “The field”; Notes: Refers to the cultivated land.
- בְּאֶ֥רֶץ (bəʾeretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ṣ); Form: Preposition + Noun, fs; Translation: “In the land of”; Notes: Describes the location.
- מִצְרָֽיִם (Mitzrayim) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper Noun; Translation: “Egypt”; Notes: Specifies the affected nation.