וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ אֵלֶ֤יהָ בְנֵֽי־בָבֶל֙ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ב דֹּדִ֔ים וַיְטַמְּא֥וּ אֹותָ֖הּ בְּתַזְנוּתָ֑ם וַתִּ֨טְמָא־בָ֔ם וַתֵּ֥קַע נַפְשָׁ֖הּ מֵהֶֽם׃
And the sons of Bavel came to her for the bed of love, and they defiled her with their whoredom, and she was defiled by them, and her soul was loathed from them.
Morphology
- וַיָּבֹאוּ (va-yavoʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they came”; Notes: Describes the approach of the sons of Bavel.
- אֵלֶיהָ (ʾeleha) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to her”; Notes: Marks the object of the motion.
- בְנֵי־בָבֶל (bene-Bavel) – Root: בן (ben) + בבל (Bavel); Form: Construct plural noun with proper noun; Translation: “sons of Bavel”; Notes: Refers to the Babylonians as a collective group.
- לְמִשְׁכַּב (le-mishkav) – Root: שׁכב (shakav); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the bed”; Notes: Refers to sexual relations.
- דֹּדִים (dodim) – Root: דוד (dod); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “loves”; Notes: Idiomatic phrase “bed of love” indicating sexual intimacy.
- וַיְטַמְּאוּ (va-yetammeʾu) – Root: טמא (ṭameʾ); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they defiled”; Notes: Intensifies the idea of ritual and moral corruption.
- אֹותָהּ (ʾotah) – Root: אות (ʾot); Form: Direct object marker + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her”; Notes: Marks the object of defilement.
- בְּתַזְנוּתָם (be-taznutam) – Root: זנה (zanah); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “with their whoredom”; Notes: Indicates means of defilement.
- וַתִּטְמָא־בָם (va-titmaʾ-bam) – Root: טמא (ṭameʾ); Form: Nifal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular + preposition; Translation: “and she was defiled by them”; Notes: Passive nuance showing her state of corruption.
- וַתֵּקַע (va-teqaʿ) – Root: קוע (qaʿaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and was loathed”; Notes: Strong verb of rejection or disgust.
- נַפְשָׁהּ (nafshah) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her soul”; Notes: Represents the inner self or will.
- מֵהֶם (mehem) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from them”; Notes: Marks the source of her revulsion.