וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ לְצֹ֗ור הַיֹּשֶׁ֨בֶת֙ עַל־מְבֹואֹ֣ות יָ֔ם רֹכֶ֨לֶת֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֶל־אִיִּ֖ים רַבִּ֑ים כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה צֹ֕ור אַ֣תְּ אָמַ֔רְתְּ אֲנִ֖י כְּלִ֥ילַת יֹֽפִי׃
And you shall say to Tsor, who sits at the entrances of the sea, trader of the peoples to many islands: ‘Thus says the Lord YHWH: “Tsor, you have said, ‘I am perfect in beauty.’
Morphology
- וְאָמַרְתָּ (ve-amarta) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular (with directive sense); Translation: “and you shall say”; Notes: Command to the prophet to deliver the divine oracle.
- לְצֹר (le-Tsor) – Root: צור (Tsor); Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun; Translation: “to Tsor”; Notes: The recipient of the prophetic address, the city of Tyre.
- הַיֹּשֶׁבֶת (ha-yoshevet) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Definite article הַ + Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “who sits / who dwells”; Notes: Feminine participle agrees with the feminine noun “city.”
- עַל־מְבֹואֹות (ʿal-mevoʾot) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “at the entrances of”; Notes: Describes Tyre’s coastal position at key sea routes.
- יָם (yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Refers to the Mediterranean, the center of Tyre’s trade network.
- רֹכֶלֶת (rokhelet) – Root: רכל (rakhal); Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “trader”; Notes: Describes Tyre’s identity as a commercial hub.
- הָעַמִּים (ha-ʿammim) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the peoples”; Notes: Refers to nations engaged in trade with Tyre.
- אֶל־אִיִּים (el-iyyim) – Root: אי (ʾiy); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun masculine plural; Translation: “to islands”; Notes: Refers to coastal and maritime nations under Tyre’s influence.
- רַבִּים (rabbim) – Root: רבב (rav); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “many”; Notes: Describes the wide reach of Tyre’s trade network.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Introduces the divine pronouncement.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction formula.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Proper title, emphatic plural with 1st person suffix; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Divine title of authority, often paired with YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God, source of prophetic authority.
- צֹור (Tsor) – Root: צור (Tsor); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Tsor”; Notes: Refers to the Phoenician city of Tyre.
- אַתְּ (ʾat) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Feminine form addressing the city of Tyre directly.
- אָמַרְתְּ (amart) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you have said”; Notes: Tyre’s boastful declaration of self-glory.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person common singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Introduces Tyre’s self-exalting statement.
- כְּלִילַת (kelilat) – Root: כלל (kalal); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “perfect of / perfection of”; Notes: Expresses completeness or wholeness in beauty.
- יֹפִי (yofi) – Root: יפה (yafeh); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 1st person common singular (poetic); Translation: “beauty”; Notes: Tyre’s self-proclaimed aesthetic perfection and pride.