וְאֵ֖לֶּה שְׁמֹ֣ות הַשְּׁבָטִ֑ים מִקְצֵ֣ה צָפֹ֡ונָה אֶל־יַ֣ד דֶּֽרֶךְ־חֶתְלֹ֣ן לְֽבֹוא־חֲמָ֡ת חֲצַ֣ר עֵינָן֩ גְּב֨וּל דַּמֶּ֤שֶׂק צָפֹ֨ונָה֙ אֶל־יַ֣ד חֲמָ֔ת וְהָיוּ־לֹ֧ו פְאַת־קָדִ֛ים הַיָּ֖ם דָּ֥ן אֶחָֽד׃
And these are the names of the tribes: from the end of the north side by the way of Ḥetlon to the entrance of Ḥamat, Ḥatsar ʿEynan, the border of Dammesheq northward beside Ḥamat; and they shall have one portion, Dan.
Morphology
- וְאֵלֶּה (ve-elleh) – Root: אלה (ʾeleh); Form: Conjunction וְ + demonstrative plural; Translation: “and these”; Notes: Introduces a new enumeration — here, the listing of tribal divisions.
- שְׁמֹות (shemot) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “names”; Notes: Refers to the tribal designations of Yisraʾel.
- הַשְּׁבָטִים (ha-shevatim) – Root: שֵׁבֶט (shevet); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the tribes”; Notes: Refers to the twelve divisions of Yisraʾel’s inheritance.
- מִקְצֵה (miqtseh) – Root: קצה (qatseh); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “from the end of”; Notes: Marks the starting boundary of the northern region.
- צָפֹונָה (tsafonah) – Root: צָפוֹן (tsafon); Form: Adverb of direction; Translation: “northward”; Notes: Indicates the orientation of the land’s extremity.
- אֶל־יַד (el-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun feminine singular; Translation: “by the side of”; Notes: Refers to adjacency or proximity to a geographical feature.
- דֶּרֶךְ־חֶתְלֹן (derekh-Ḥetlon) – Root: דרך (derekh), חֶתְלֹן (Ḥetlon); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “the way of Ḥetlon”; Notes: Specifies a northern route or border passage point.
- לְבֹוא־חֲמָת (le-vo-Ḥamat) – Root: בוא (boʾ), חֲמָת (Ḥamat); Form: Preposition לְ + infinitive construct + proper noun; Translation: “to the entrance of Ḥamat”; Notes: Marks the approach toward the northern city of Ḥamat, a known frontier.
- חֲצַר (Ḥatsar) – Root: חצר (ḥatsar); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “village” or “enclosure of”; Notes: Forms part of a compound place name.
- עֵינָן (ʿEynan) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿEynan”; Notes: Means “spring of the eye,” possibly near the northern boundary.
- גְּבוּל (gevul) – Root: גבל (gaval); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “border”; Notes: Marks territorial or tribal division lines.
- דַּמֶּשֶׂק (Dammesheq) – Root: דמשק (Dammesheq); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dammesheq” (Damascus); Notes: Northern boundary reference city, bordering Aram.
- צָפֹונָה (tsafonah) – Root: צָפוֹן (tsafon); Form: Adverb of direction; Translation: “northward”; Notes: Reiterates the northern orientation of this boundary.
- אֶל־יַד (el-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun feminine singular; Translation: “beside”; Notes: Repeated expression showing proximity to Ḥamat.
- חֲמָת (Ḥamat) – Root: חמת (Ḥamat); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥamat”; Notes: Ancient Syrian city, marking northernmost limit of the land.
- וְהָיוּ־לֹו (ve-hayu-lo) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person plural + preposition לְ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “and they shall be to him”; Notes: Indicates possession or allotment belonging to the tribe of Dan.
- פְאַת־קָדִים (feʾat-qadim) – Root: פאה (peʾah), קדם (qedem); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine plural (directional); Translation: “the side toward the east”; Notes: Refers to the eastern boundary portion of Dan’s inheritance.
- הַיָּם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Refers to the Mediterranean, forming the western limit of the allotment.
- דָּן (Dan) – Root: דן (Dan); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dan”; Notes: The tribe receiving this northernmost territory in the division.
- אֶחָד (eḥad) – Root: אחד (ʾaḥad); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: Denotes a single portion allotted to the tribe of Dan.