וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה חֶרְפָּ֤ה וּגְדוּפָה֙ מוּסָ֣ר וּמְשַׁמָּ֔ה לַגֹּויִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִיבֹותָ֑יִךְ בַּעֲשֹׂותִי֩ בָ֨ךְ שְׁפָטִ֜ים בְּאַ֤ף וּבְחֵמָה֙ וּבְתֹכְחֹ֣ות חֵמָ֔ה אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּֽרְתִּי׃
And it shall be a reproach and a taunt, an instruction and a desolation, to the nations that are around you, when I execute judgments in you in anger and in wrath and in furious rebukes. I, YHWH, have spoken.
Morphology
- וְהָיְתָה (ve-hayetah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3fs with vav consecutive (future sense); Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim’s state of humiliation.
- חֶרְפָּה (ḥerpa) – Root: חרף; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “reproach”; Notes: Public shame before the nations.
- וּגְדוּפָה (u-gedufah) – Root: גדף; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and a taunt”; Notes: Derision or mocking scorn.
- מוּסָר (musar) – Root: יסר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “instruction / discipline”; Notes: Serves as a warning example to others.
- וּמְשַׁמָּה (u-meshammah) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and a desolation”; Notes: Image of utter ruin.
- לַגֹּויִם (la-goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the nations”; Notes: Target audience of the sign act.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “that/which.”
- סְבִיבֹותָיִךְ (sevivotayikh) – Root: סבב; Form: Noun feminine plural + 2fs suffix; Translation: “around you”; Notes: Refers to neighboring nations around Yerushalayim.
- בַּעֲשֹׂותִי (baʿasoti) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 1cs suffix; Translation: “when I execute”; Notes: Marks temporal clause of divine action.
- בָךְ (bakh) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition + 2fs suffix; Translation: “in you”; Notes: Addressed to Yerushalayim as feminine entity.
- שְׁפָטִים (shefatim) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “judgments”; Notes: Judicial actions of YHWH.
- בְּאַף (be-af) – Root: אף; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in anger”; Notes: Anger as divine attribute of judgment.
- וּבְחֵמָה (u-ve-chemah) – Root: חמה; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and in wrath.”
- וּבְתֹכְחֹות (u-ve-tokheḥot) – Root: יכח; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine plural; Translation: “and in rebukes”; Notes: Strong verbal chastisements.
- חֵמָה (chemah) – Root: חמה; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “fury”; Notes: Reinforces intensity of divine judgment.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: אני; Form: Independent pronoun 1cs; Translation: “I”; Notes: Stresses divine subject.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Divine covenant name.
- דִּבַּרְתִּי (dibarti) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel perfect 1cs; Translation: “I have spoken”; Notes: Emphasizes certainty and authority of YHWH’s decree.