לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י עָלַ֖יִךְ גַּם־אָ֑נִי וְעָשִׂ֧יתִי בְתֹוכֵ֛ךְ מִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים לְעֵינֵ֥י הַגֹּויִֽם׃
Therefore thus says the Lord YHWH: ‘Behold, I am against you, even I, and I will execute judgments in your midst before the eyes of the nations.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: כן; Form: Conjunction/adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces a declaration of consequence or judgment.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Formula for prophetic speech.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “said”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction formula.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Noun masculine plural of majesty; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Title of sovereignty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name of Israel’s God.
- הִנְנִי (hineni) – Root: הנה; Form: Demonstrative particle + 1cs suffix; Translation: “behold, I”; Notes: Signals divine self-involvement and immediacy.
- עָלַיִךְ (ʿalayikh) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 2fs suffix; Translation: “against you”; Notes: Direct address to Yerushalayim as feminine personification.
- גַּם־אָ֑נִי (gam-ani) – Root: גם; Form: Adverb + pronoun 1cs; Translation: “even I”; Notes: Intensifies the personal involvement of YHWH.
- וְעָשִׂיתִי (ve-ʿasiti) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal perfect 1cs with vav consecutive (future sense); Translation: “and I will do / execute”; Notes: Marks YHWH’s decisive action.
- בְתֹוכֵךְ (be-tokhekh) – Root: תוך; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 2fs suffix; Translation: “in your midst”; Notes: Yerushalayim as the focus of divine judgment.
- מִשְׁפָּטִים (mishpatim) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “judgments”; Notes: Refers to acts of justice or punishment executed by YHWH.
- לְעֵינֵי (le-ʿeinei) – Root: עין; Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “before the eyes of”; Notes: Idiom meaning “in the presence of, publicly.”
- הַגֹּויִם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Refers to foreign peoples witnessing YHWH’s judgment upon Yerushalayim.