וּפָֽלְטוּ֙ פְּלִ֣יטֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָי֣וּ אֶל־הֶהָרִ֗ים כְּיֹונֵ֧י הַגֵּאָיֹ֛ות כֻּלָּ֖ם הֹמֹ֑ות אִ֖ישׁ בַּעֲוֹנֹֽו׃
And their survivors shall escape, and they shall be to the mountains like doves of the valleys, all of them moaning, each man in his iniquity.
Morphology
- וּפָלְטוּ (u-faltu) – Root: פלט; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and they shall escape”; Notes: Refers to the remnant or survivors fleeing.
- פְּלִיטֵיהֶם (pelitehem) – Root: פלט; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their survivors”; Notes: Survivors of disaster, those who escaped destruction.
- וְהָיוּ (ve-hayu) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and they shall be”; Notes: Marks the resultant state of the escapees.
- אֶל־ (ʾel) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition; Translation: “to / toward”; Notes: Indicates direction of their fleeing.
- הֶהָרִים (he-harim) – Root: הר; Form: Noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the mountains”; Notes: Common place of refuge in biblical imagery.
- כְּיֹונֵי (ke-yonai) – Root: יונה; Form: Preposition כ + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “like doves of”; Notes: Doves symbolize mourning and helplessness.
- הַגֵּאָיֹות (ha-geʾayot) – Root: גיא; Form: Noun feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the valleys”; Notes: Doves dwelling in valleys suggest vulnerability and lamentation.
- כֻּלָּם (kullam) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Emphasizes totality of the survivors’ condition.
- הֹמֹות (homot) – Root: המה; Form: Qal participle feminine plural; Translation: “moaning”; Notes: Expresses the mournful sound of the people, likened to doves.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Individualizing term — focuses on personal responsibility.
- בַּעֲוֹנֹו (ba-ʿavono) – Root: עון; Form: Preposition ב + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in his iniquity”; Notes: Highlights the personal cause of suffering — their own sin.