וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֹו֮ בְּיַד־יֹוסֵף֒ וְלֹא־יָדַ֤ע אִתֹּו֙ מְא֔וּמָה כִּ֥י אִם־הַלֶּ֖חֶם אֲשֶׁר־ה֣וּא אֹוכֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י יֹוסֵ֔ף יְפֵה־תֹ֖אַר וִיפֵ֥ה מַרְאֶֽה׃
And he left all that was his in the hand of Yosef, and he did not know anything with him, except the bread which he was eating. And Yosef was beautiful of form and beautiful of appearance.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַיַּעֲזֹב | va-yaʿazov | “and he left” | Qal wayyiqtol 3ms |
| 2 | כָּל | kol | “all” | N(ms construct) |
| 3 | אֲשֶׁר | ʾasher | “that” | Relative particle |
| 4 | לֹו | lo | “to him” | Prep לְ + suff 3ms |
| 5 | בְּיַד | be-yad | “in the hand of” | Prep בְּ + N(fs construct) |
| 6 | יֹוסֵף | Yosef | “Yosef” | Proper noun |
| 7 | וְלֹא | ve-lo | “and not” | Conj וְ + negative particle |
| 8 | יָדַע | yadaʿ | “he knew” | Qal perfect 3ms |
| 9 | אִתֹּו | ʾitto | “with him” | Prep אֵת/אִתְּ + suff 3ms |
| 10 | מְאוּמָה | meʾumah | “anything” | Indefinite noun |
| 11 | כִּי | ki | “except” | Particle |
| 12 | אִם | ʾim | “if” | Conditional particle |
| 13 | הַלֶּחֶם | ha-leḥem | “the bread” | Def. art. הַ + N(ms) |
| 14 | אֲשֶׁר | ʾasher | “which” | Relative particle |
| 15 | הוּא | hu | “he” | Pronoun 3ms |
| 16 | אֹוכֵל | ʾokhel | “was eating” | Qal participle ms |
| 17 | וַיְהִי | va-yehi | “and he was” | Qal wayyiqtol 3ms |
| 18 | יֹוסֵף | Yosef | “Yosef” | Proper noun |
| 19 | יְפֵה | yefeh | “beautiful of” | Adj(ms construct) |
| 20 | תֹאַר | toʾar | “form” | N(ms) |
| 21 | וִיפֵה | vi-yefeh | “and beautiful of” | Conj וְ + Adj(ms construct) |
| 22 | מַרְאֶה | marʾeh | “appearance” | N(ms) |
Morphology
- וַיַּעֲזֹב (va-yaʿazov) – Root: עזב (ʿazav); Root Type: I-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he left”; Notes: Describes Potiphar entrusting his possessions to Yosef’s administration.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כלל (k-l-l); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Noun masculine singular construct, state: construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Functions comprehensively, introducing the totality of what belonged to Potiphar.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause defining what was left in Yosef’s hand.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: ל (l); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition לְ + pronominal suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Expresses possession, meaning “that was his.”
- בְּיַד (be-yad) – Root: ידד (y-d-d); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct, state: construct; Translation: “in the hand of”; Notes: Idiomatically means under the authority, control, or management of Yosef.
- יֹוסֵף (Yosef) – Root: יסף (yasaf); Root Type: I-Yod / III-Pe; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yosef”; Notes: Refers to Yaʿaqov’s son, here functioning as trusted steward in Potiphar’s house.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Root Type: Particle; Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the description by negating Potiphar’s need to supervise the details.
- יָדַע (yadaʿ) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Root Type: III-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he knew”; Notes: Indicates practical awareness or oversight, not merely mental knowledge.
- אִתֹּו (ʾitto) – Root: את (ʾet); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition אֵת/אִתְּ + pronominal suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Refers to matters associated with Yosef’s administration.
- מְאוּמָה (meʾumah) – Root: אום (ʾ-w-m); Root Type: I-Guttural / Hollow; Form: Indefinite noun feminine singular; Translation: “anything”; Notes: Used with negation to mean “nothing at all” or “not anything.”
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Root Type: Particle; Form: Particle introducing an exception in the idiom כִּי אִם; Translation: “except”; Notes: Works together with אִם to mark the single exception to Potiphar’s lack of concern.
- אִם (ʾim) – Root: אם (ʾim); Root Type: Particle; Form: Conditional particle functioning idiomatically with כִּי; Translation: “if”; Notes: In the phrase כִּי אִם, it contributes to the idiomatic meaning “except.”
- הַלֶּחֶם (ha-leḥem) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Root Type: Strong; Form: Definite article הַ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the bread”; Notes: Refers literally to food, and contextually to the one personal matter Potiphar still handled himself.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause specifying the bread that Potiphar ate.
- הוּא (hu) – Root: הוא (h-w-ʾ); Root Type: Pronoun; Form: Independent personal pronoun 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Refers to Potiphar as the one eating the bread.
- אֹוכֵל (ʾokhel) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Root Type: I-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “was eating”; Notes: The participle presents the action as ongoing or customary.
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Root Type: III-He; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he was”; Notes: Introduces a descriptive clause concerning Yosef’s appearance.
- יֹוסֵף (Yosef) – Root: יסף (yasaf); Root Type: I-Yod / III-Pe; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yosef”; Notes: Reintroduces Yosef as the subject of the physical description that follows.
- יְפֵה (yefeh) – Root: יפה (yafah); Root Type: III-He; Form: Adjective masculine singular construct, state: construct; Translation: “beautiful of”; Notes: In construct with תֹאַר, it describes Yosef as physically well formed.
- תֹאַר (toʾar) – Root: תאר (t-ʾ-r); Root Type: II-Guttural; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “form”; Notes: Refers to bodily shape, figure, or physical form.
- וִיפֵה (vi-yefeh) – Root: יפה (yafah); Root Type: III-He; Form: Conjunction וְ + adjective masculine singular construct, state: construct; Translation: “and beautiful of”; Notes: Continues the parallel description of Yosef’s physical attractiveness.
- מַרְאֶה (marʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Root Type: III-He / II-Guttural; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “appearance”; Notes: Refers to visible appearance or look, complementing תֹאַר by emphasizing outward beauty.