הֲלֹוא־אֵ֣לֶּה כֻלָּ֗ם עָלָיו֙ מָשָׁ֣ל יִשָּׂ֔אוּ וּמְלִיצָ֖ה חִידֹ֣ות לֹ֑ו וְיֹאמַ֗ר הֹ֚וי הַמַּרְבֶּ֣ה לֹּא־לֹ֔ו עַד־מָתַ֕י וּמַכְבִּ֥יד עָלָ֖יו עַבְטִֽיט׃
Shall not all these take up against him a proverb and a taunting riddle for him, and say, “Woe to him who increases what is not his—until when?—and who loads himself with pledges.”
Morphology
- הֲלֹוא־ (halo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Interrogative particle + negative; Translation: “shall not”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question expecting affirmation.
- אֵלֶּה (elleh) – Root: אלה (elleh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to the nations previously mentioned.
- כֻלָּם (kullam) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular in construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Emphasizes universality of response.
- עָלָיו (alav) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 3ms; Translation: “against him”; Notes: Marks hostile or accusatory direction.
- מָשָׁל (mashal) – Root: משׁל (mashal); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a proverb”; Notes: Often carries moral or ironic force.
- יִשָּׂאוּ (yissaʾu) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3mp; Translation: “they shall take up”; Notes: Introduces public denunciation.
- וּמְלִיצָה (u-melitsah) – Root: ליץ (lits); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and a taunt”; Notes: A biting or mocking saying.
- חִידֹות (ḥidot) – Root: חוד (ḥud); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “riddles”; Notes: Cryptic sayings exposing truth.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: לוא (lo); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “for him”; Notes: Refers to the wicked oppressor.
- וְיֹאמַר (ve-yomar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “and shall say”; Notes: Continues reported speech.
- הֹוי (hoi) – Root: הוי (hoi); Form: Interjection; Translation: “woe”; Notes: Cry of judgment or lament.
- הַמַּרְבֶּה (ha-marbeh) – Root: רבה (ravah); Form: Definite article + Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “the one who increases”; Notes: Describes unjust accumulation.
- לֹּא־לֹו (lo-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Preposition לְ + negative particle + suffix 3ms; Translation: “what is not his”; Notes: Accumulation of stolen goods.
- עַד־מָתַי (ʿad-matai) – Root: עד (ʿad) + מתי (matai); Form: Preposition עַד + interrogative; Translation: “until when”; Notes: Expresses exasperation.
- וּמַכְבִּיד (u-makhbid) – Root: כבד (kavad); Form: Conjunction + Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “and loading heavily”; Notes: Implies oppressive burdening.
- עָלָיו (alav) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 3ms; Translation: “upon him”; Notes: Indicates direction of encumbrance.
- עַבְטִיט (avṭit) – Root: עבט (ʿavat); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “pledges / debts”; Notes: Refers to excessive debt-taking or usury.