וְעָנָ֥ה גְאֹֽון־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָנָ֑יו וְלֹֽא־שָׁ֨בוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א בִקְשֻׁ֖הוּ בְּכָל־זֹֽאת׃
And the pride of Yisraʾel testifies to his face, but they have not returned to YHWH their God, nor have they sought Him for all this.
Morphology
- וְעָנָה (ve-ʿanah) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and testifies”; Notes: Literally “has answered” or “responded,” here used idiomatically as “testifies” — the pride itself serves as a witness against them.
- גְאֹון (geʾon) – Root: גאה (gaʾah); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “pride” or “arrogance”; Notes: Represents Yisraʾel’s haughty self-exaltation or misplaced confidence.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom collectively.
- בְּפָנָיו (be-fanav) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun plural + suffix 3ms; Translation: “before his face”; Notes: Denotes direct confrontation — his pride is visibly manifest.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “but not”; Notes: Marks a strong contrast — despite the testimony, they did not repent.
- שָׁבוּ (shavu) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have returned”; Notes: Refers to repentance or turning back to YHWH; negated by the preceding particle.
- אֶל־יְהוָה (el-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Preposition אֶל + proper noun; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Expresses direction of repentance that was neglected.
- אֱלֹהֵיהֶם (ʾeloheihem) – Root: אלהים (ʾelohim); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their God”; Notes: Highlights covenant relationship — the God whom they have forsaken.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “nor”; Notes: Continues the parallel clause, emphasizing persistence in rebellion.
- בִּקְשֻׁהוּ (biqshuhu) – Root: בקשׁ (baqash); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural + suffix 3ms; Translation: “they sought Him”; Notes: Denotes earnest seeking or worship, here negated to stress spiritual indifference.
- בְּכָל־זֹאת (be-khol-zot) – Root: זאת (zot); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for all this”; Notes: Despite all signs of divine judgment, they remain unrepentant.