אָבַ֤ל אֻמְלְלָה֙ אָ֔רֶץ הֶחְפִּ֥יר לְבָנֹ֖ון קָמַ֑ל הָיָ֤ה הַשָּׁרֹון֙ כָּֽעֲרָבָ֔ה וְנֹעֵ֥ר בָּשָׁ֖ן וְכַרְמֶֽל׃
Mourns, the land languishes; Levanon is ashamed, it withers. The Sharon has become like the wilderness, and Bashan and Karmel are shaken off.
Morphology
- אָבַ֤ל (ʾaval) – Root: אבל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “mourns”; Notes: Used to express grief or lamentation, often in poetic style.
- אֻמְלְלָה֙ (ʾumlelah) – Root: מלל; Form: Pual perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is languished”; Notes: Emphasizes the passive state of desolation or withering.
- אָ֔רֶץ (ʾarets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “land”; Notes: Refers to the entire land affected by judgment or calamity.
- הֶחְפִּ֥יר (heḥpir) – Root: חפר; Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is ashamed”; Notes: Causative form indicating disgrace or humiliation.
- לְבָנֹ֖ון (Levanon) – Root: לְבָנוֹן; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Lebanon”; Notes: Mountainous region north of Yisraʾel known for its forests.
- קָמַ֑ל (qamal) – Root: קמל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it withers”; Notes: Describes the loss of life or fertility.
- הָיָ֤ה (hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has become”; Notes: Marks a change in state or transformation.
- הַשָּׁרֹון֙ (ha-Sharon) – Root: שרון; Form: Proper noun with definite article; Translation: “the Sharon”; Notes: Fertile plain region in western Yisraʾel.
- כָּֽעֲרָבָ֔ה (ka-ʿaravah) – Root: ערב; Form: Preposition כְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “like the wilderness”; Notes: Expresses simile comparing fertile land to barren desert.
- וְנֹעֵ֥ר (ve-noʿer) – Root: נער; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is shaken off”; Notes: Conveys violent dislodging or emptiness.
- בָּשָׁ֖ן (Bashan) – Root: בשן; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Bashan”; Notes: Rich region east of the Jordan, famous for pastureland.
- וְכַרְמֶֽל (ve-Karmel) – Root: כרמל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “and Karmel”; Notes: Mountainous area known for its fertility and vegetation.