Jonah 1:2

ק֠וּם לֵ֧ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֛ה הָעִ֥יר הַגְּדֹולָ֖ה וּקְרָ֣א עָלֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֥ה רָעָתָ֖ם לְפָנָֽי׃

“Rise, go to Nineve the great city, and call against it, for their evil has come up before Me.”

Morphology

1. ק֠וּם (qum) – Root: קום (q-w-m); Form: Qal imperative 2ms; Translation: “Rise”; Notes: Command initiating prophetic mission.
2. לֵ֧ךְ (lekh) – Root: הלך (h-l-k); Form: Qal imperative 2ms; Translation: “go”; Notes: Common verb of movement in divine missions.
3. אֶל־ (el) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition אֶל; Translation: “to”; Notes: Marks direction toward the city.
4. נִֽינְוֵ֛ה (Ninveh) – Root: נינוה (n-y-n-w-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Nineveh”; Notes: Capital of Assyria, target of the prophetic call.
5. הָעִ֥יר (ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿ-y-r); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Apposition emphasizing its significance.
6. הַגְּדֹולָ֖ה (ha-gedolah) – Root: גדל (g-d-l); Form: Definite adjective feminine singular; Translation: “the great”; Notes: Describes Nineveh’s size or prominence.
7. וּקְרָ֣א (u-qera) – Root: קרא (q-r-ʾ); Form: Conjunction וּ + Qal imperative 2ms; Translation: “and call”; Notes: Summons Yonah to proclaim judgment.
8. עָלֶ֑יהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 3fs; Translation: “against it”; Notes: Indicates proclamation directed toward Nineveh.
9. כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֥ה (ki-ʿaltah) – Root: עלה (ʿ-l-h); Form: Particle + Qal perfect 3fs; Translation: “for has come up”; Notes: “Her evil” is the implicit feminine subject.
10. רָעָתָ֖ם (raʿatam) – Root: רעע (r-ʿ-ʿ); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their evil”; Notes: Refers to the collective wickedness of Nineveh.
11. לְפָנָֽי (lefanay) – Root: פן (p-n); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural with 1cs suffix; Translation: “before Me”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s awareness of their deeds.