וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֠הוָה יָדַ֜עְתָּ אֶֽת־כָּל־עֲצָתָ֤ם עָלַי֙ לַמָּ֔וֶת אַל־תְּכַפֵּר֙ עַל־עֲוֹנָ֔ם וְחַטָּאתָ֖ם מִלְּפָנֶ֣יךָ אַל־תֶּ֑מְחִי וְהָיוּ מֻכְשָׁלִים֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ בְּעֵ֥ת אַפְּךָ֖ עֲשֵׂ֥ה בָהֶֽם׃ ס
But you, YHWH, you have known all their counsel against me for death. Do not atone for their iniquity, and their sin from before you do not blot out, and let them be made to stumble before you; in the time of your anger, deal with them.
Morphology
- וְאַתָּה (veʾattāh) – Root: אתה; Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “But you”; Notes: Introduces contrast, emphatic address to YHWH.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Tetragrammaton, name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- יָדַעְתָּ (yādaʿtā) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you have known”; Notes: Completed action referring to YHWH’s prior knowledge.
- אֶת־כָּל־עֲצָתָם (ʾet-kol-ʿaʿtātām) – Root: עצה; Form: Object marker + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “all their counsel”; Notes: The accusative object of “you have known.”
- עָלַי (ʿālai) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “against me”; Notes: Indicates the object of their plotting.
- לַמָּוֶת (lammāwet) – Root: מות; Form: Preposition + definite noun, masculine singular; Translation: “for death”; Notes: Purpose clause – their plans were to kill him.
- אַל־תְּכַפֵּר (ʾal-tekhappēr) – Root: כפר; Form: Negative particle + Piel jussive 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “do not atone”; Notes: Plea that YHWH not pardon them.
- עַל־עֲוֹנָם (ʿal-ʿăwōnām) – Root: עון; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for their iniquity”; Notes: Object of the verb “do not atone.”
- וְחַטָּאתָם (ve-ḥattāʾtām) – Root: חטא; Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine singular in construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and their sin”; Notes: Parallel to “iniquity.”
- מִלְּפָנֶיךָ (milləfāneka) – Root: לפנ; Form: Preposition + noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from before you”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s presence.
- אַל־תֶּמְחִי (ʾal-temḥī) – Root: מחה; Form: Negative particle + Qal jussive 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “do not blot out”; Notes: Another plea for judgment.
- וְהָיוּ (vehāyū) – Root: היה; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person plural (converted); Translation: “and let them be”; Notes: Wayyiqtol form expressing consequence.
- מֻכְשָׁלִים (mukshālīm) – Root: כשׁל; Form: Pual participle masculine plural; Translation: “made to stumble”; Notes: Passive participle implying divine cause.
- לְפָנֶיךָ (ləfāneka) – Root: לפנ; Form: Preposition + noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “before you”; Notes: Presence of YHWH as witness and agent.
- בְּעֵת (bəʿēt) – Root: עת; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the time”; Notes: Temporal clause.
- אַפְּךָ (ʾappəḵā) – Root: אף; Form: Noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your anger”; Notes: Anthropomorphic expression of divine wrath.
- עֲשֵׂה (ʿăśēh) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “deal” or “do”; Notes: Final imperative in the imprecatory prayer.
- בָהֶם (bāhem) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Directs YHWH’s action toward the enemies.