הִנֵּ֣ה סַעֲרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה חֵמָה֙ יָֽצְאָ֔ה וְסַ֖עַר מִתְחֹולֵ֑ל עַ֛ל רֹ֥אשׁ רְשָׁעִ֖ים יָחֽוּל׃
Behold, the storm of YHWH, wrath has gone out, and a whirling tempest; it whirls upon the head of the wicked.
Morphology
- הִנֵּ֣ה (hinneh) – Root: הנה; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Introduces or draws attention to something imminent or emphatic.
- סַעֲרַ֣ת (saʿărat) – Root: סער; Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “storm of”; Notes: Construct form linked with “YHWH.” Often connotes violent winds or divine fury.
- יְהוָ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: היה; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Tetragrammaton; refers to the personal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- חֵמָה֙ (ḥēmāh) – Root: חמה; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “wrath”; Notes: Expresses fierce anger, often divine in source.
- יָֽצְאָ֔ה (yātsəʾāh) – Root: יצא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has gone out”; Notes: Feminine verb matching “ḥēmāh.” Indicates completed action.
- וְסַ֖עַר (ve-saʿar) – Root: סער; Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and a tempest”; Notes: Joined with previous clause to intensify the image of divine upheaval.
- מִתְחֹולֵ֑ל (mitḥolēl) – Root: חלל; Form: Hitpolel participle masculine singular; Translation: “whirling”; Notes: Reflexive/intensive form; emphasizes chaotic motion of storm; rare stem usage.
- עַ֛ל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Introduces the object receiving the storm’s impact.
- רֹ֥אשׁ (roʾsh) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “head”; Notes: Often figurative for leadership, judgment, or personhood.
- רְשָׁעִ֖ים (rᵊshāʿim) – Root: רשע; Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “wicked”; Notes: Those acting unjustly or opposing YHWH’s covenant.
- יָחֽוּל׃ (yāḥul) – Root: חול; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it will whirl”; Notes: Describes continuous or imminent motion; verb resumes the subject of “storm.”