וָאֶקַּ֥ח אֶת־הַכֹּ֖וס מִיַּ֣ד יְהוָ֑ה וָֽאַשְׁקֶה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־שְׁלָחַ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
So I took the goblet from the hand of YHWH and I made all the nations drink to whom YHWH had sent me.
Morphology
- וָאֶקַּ֥ח (va-eqqaḥ) – Root: לקח; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 1st person singular; Translation: “So I took”; Notes: Narrative continuation in past tense.
- אֶת־הַכֹּ֖וס (et-ha-kos) – Root: כוס; Form: Definite direct object, feminine singular; Translation: “the goblet”; Notes: Refers to the symbolic goblet of wrath.
- מִיַּ֣ד (mi-yad) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + construct noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the hand of”; Notes: Expresses source or origin.
- יְהוָ֑ה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Divine name in covenant context.
- וָאַשְׁקֶה (va-ʾashqeh) – Root: שקה; Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 1st person singular; Translation: “and I made [them] drink”; Notes: Causative form implying compelled action—forced drinking of judgment.
- אֶת־כָּל־הַגֹּויִם (et-kol-ha-goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Definite direct object plural with universal quantifier; Translation: “all the nations”; Notes: Targets of prophetic judgment.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “to whom”; Notes: Introduces relative clause explaining recipients.
- שְׁלָחַ֥נִי (shelaḥani) – Root: שלח; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “had sent me”; Notes: Perfect tense expressing prior divine commission.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the preceding verb.
- אֲלֵיהֶֽם (aleihem) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Destination of the prophetic mission.