וְרָֽדַפְתִּי֙ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם בַּחֶ֖רֶב בָּרָעָ֣ב וּבַדָּ֑בֶר וּנְתַתִּ֨ים לְזַעֲוָה֜ לְכֹ֣ל מַמְלְכֹ֣ות הָאָ֗רֶץ לְאָלָ֤ה וּלְשַׁמָּה֙ וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֣ה וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה בְּכָל־הַגֹּויִ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־הִדַּחְתִּ֥ים שָֽׁם׃
And I will pursue them with the sword, with the famine, and with the pestilence, and I will make them a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth, for a curse, for a desolation, for a hissing, and for a reproach among all the nations to which I have driven them.
Morphology
- וְרָֽדַפְתִּי֙ (veradafti) – Root: רדף; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular with waw-consecutive; Translation: “and I will pursue”; Notes: Indicates intentional and continuous pursuit.
- אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם (achareihem) – Root: אחר; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “after them”; Notes: Marks the target of the pursuit.
- בַּחֶ֖רֶב (bacherev) – Root: חרב; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with article; Translation: “with the sword”; Notes: Represents warfare or military destruction.
- בָּרָעָ֣ב (baraʿav) – Root: רעב; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with article; Translation: “with the famine”; Notes: Symbolizes scarcity of food as judgment.
- וּבַדָּ֑בֶר (uvadaver) – Root: דבר (dever); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular with article; Translation: “and with the pestilence”; Notes: Refers to widespread disease.
- וּנְתַתִּ֨ים (unetattim) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix with waw-consecutive; Translation: “and I will make them”; Notes: Here used in the sense of appointing to a state.
- לְזַעֲוָה֜ (lezʿavah) – Root: זעוה; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for a horror”; Notes: Denotes something causing dread or terror.
- לְכֹ֣ל (lekhol) – Root: כל; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “to all”; Notes: Indicates the scope of the horror.
- מַמְלְכֹ֣ות (mamlekhot) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “kingdoms of”; Notes: Refers to political realms.
- הָאָ֗רֶץ (haʾaretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular with article; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Refers to the inhabited world in this context.
- לְאָלָ֤ה (leʾalah) – Root: אלה; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for a curse”; Notes: An object of imprecation.
- וּלְשַׁמָּה֙ (uleshamah) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and for a desolation”; Notes: Signifies complete ruin.
- וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֣ה (velishreqah) – Root: שרק; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and for a hissing”; Notes: Gesture or sound of derision.
- וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה (ulecherpah) – Root: חרף; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and for a reproach”; Notes: Public shame or disgrace.
- בְּכָל־הַגֹּויִ֖ם (bekhol-haggoyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with article; Translation: “among all the nations”; Notes: Indicates dispersion context.
- אֲשֶׁר־הִדַּחְתִּ֥ים (asher-hiddachtim) – Root: דחח; Form: Relative pronoun + Hiphil perfect 1st person common singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to which I have driven them”; Notes: Causative aspect, indicating forced exile.
- שָֽׁם (sham) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Indicates location.