כִּ֛י אִם־אִ֥ישׁ בַּעֲוֹנֹ֖ו יָמ֑וּת כָּל־הָֽאָדָ֛ם הָאֹכֵ֥ל הַבֹּ֖סֶר תִּקְהֶ֥ינָה שִׁנָּֽיו׃ ס
But each man shall die for his own iniquity; every person who eats the sour grapes, his teeth shall be set on edge.
Morphology
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “But” / “For”; Notes: Here used adversatively to contrast with the previous statement.
- אִם (ʾim) – Root: אם; Form: Conditional particle; Translation: “if” / “but”; Notes: Introduces an exception or restriction.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Refers to an individual person.
- בַּעֲוֹנֹו (baʿavono) – Root: עון; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for his iniquity”; Notes: Indicates the reason or cause of the penalty.
- יָמוּת (yamut) – Root: מות; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall die”; Notes: Predicts certain consequence.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “every”; Notes: Denotes totality or universality.
- הָאָדָם (ha-adam) – Root: אדם; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the person”; Notes: Used generically for human beings.
- הָאֹכֵל (ha-okhel) – Root: אכל; Form: Qal participle masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “who eats”; Notes: Describes the one engaged in the action.
- הַבֹּסֶר (ha-boser) – Root: בּסר; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sour grapes”; Notes: Refers to unripe, tart fruit.
- תִּקְהֶינָה (tiqhenah) – Root: קוה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “shall be set on edge”; Notes: Idiom for the sensation in teeth from sourness.
- שִׁנָּיו (shinnav) – Root: שׁן; Form: Noun feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his teeth”; Notes: The affected part in the metaphorical imagery.