כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה נֹתֵ֥ן שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ לְאֹ֣ור יֹומָ֔ם חֻקֹּ֛ת יָרֵ֥חַ וְכֹוכָבִ֖ים לְאֹ֣ור לָ֑יְלָה רֹגַ֤ע הַיָּם֙ וַיֶּהֱמ֣וּ גַלָּ֔יו יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות שְׁמֹֽו׃
Thus says YHWH, who gives the sun for light by day, the fixed orders of the moon and stars for light by night, who stirs the sea and its waves roar; YHWH of Hosts is His name:
Morphology
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a direct divine proclamation.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Used in prophetic formulae for divine speech.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- נֹתֵן (noten) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “gives”; Notes: Expresses ongoing or habitual action.
- שֶׁמֶשׁ (shemesh) – Root: שמש; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sun”; Notes: The primary source of daylight in Hebrew cosmology.
- לְאֹור (le-ʾor) – Root: אור; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for light”; Notes: Indicates purpose or function.
- יֹומָם (yomam) – Root: יום; Form: Adverbial noun masculine singular; Translation: “by day”; Notes: Refers to the daylight period.
- חֻקֹּת (ḥuqqot) – Root: חקק; Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “fixed orders”; Notes: Refers to established, unchanging decrees or patterns.
- יָרֵחַ (yareach) – Root: ירח; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “moon”; Notes: Governs the night in Hebrew cosmology.
- וְכֹוכָבִים (ve-kokhavim) – Root: כוכב; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and stars”; Notes: Celestial bodies associated with night.
- לְאֹור (le-ʾor) – Root: אור; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for light”; Notes: Indicates their illuminating function.
- לַיְלָה (laylah) – Root: ליל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “by night”; Notes: Refers to the nighttime period.
- רֹגַע (rogeaʿ) – Root: רגע; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “who stirs”; Notes: Conveys the act of causing disturbance or calming depending on context; here likely “stirs” in parallel with waves roaring.
- הַיָּם (ha-yam) – Root: ים; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Symbolic of chaos in Hebrew poetry.
- וַיֶּהֱמוּ (va-yehemu) – Root: המה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they roar”; Notes: Refers to the roaring sound of the waves.
- גַלָּיו (gallav) – Root: גל; Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “its waves”; Notes: Possessive suffix refers back to “the sea.”
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- צְבָאֹות (tzevaʾot) – Root: צבע; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “of armies”; Notes: Refers to the heavenly hosts or military forces under divine command.
- שְׁמֹו (shem-o) – Root: שם; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His name”; Notes: Indicates identity and authority.