כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־יִמַּ֤דּוּ שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ מִלְמַ֔עְלָה וְיֵחָקְר֥וּ מֹֽוסְדֵי־אֶ֖רֶץ לְמָ֑טָּה גַּם־אֲנִ֞י אֶמְאַ֨ס בְּכָל־זֶ֧רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס
Thus says YHWH, “If the heavens above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth below can be searched out, then also I will reject all the offspring of Yisraʾel for all that they have done,” declares YHWH.
Morphology
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a direct divine proclamation.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Standard prophetic speech formula.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- אִם (ʾim) – Root: אם; Form: Conditional particle; Translation: “If”; Notes: Introduces the hypothetical premise.
- יִמַּדּוּ (yimmadu) – Root: מדד; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “can be measured”; Notes: Refers to the hypothetical act of determining dimensions.
- שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) – Root: שׁמה (possibly related); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “heavens”; Notes: Refers to the skies or cosmic realm above the earth.
- מִלְמַעְלָה (milmaʿlah) – Root: מעל; Form: Preposition מִן + adverb; Translation: “from above”; Notes: Indicates location or perspective.
- וְיֵחָקְרוּ (ve-yeḥaqeru) – Root: חקר; Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “can be searched out”; Notes: Refers to the act of thoroughly investigating.
- מֹוסְדֵי (mosedei) – Root: יסד; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “foundations of”; Notes: Refers to the base structures upon which the earth is set.
- אֶרֶץ (ʾerets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “earth”; Notes: The physical land or world.
- לְמָטָּה (lemattah) – Root: מתת or related to מטה; Form: Preposition לְ + adverb; Translation: “below”; Notes: Indicates downward direction or depth.
- גַּם (gam) – Root: גם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “also”; Notes: Adds an additional consequence in the parallel statement.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: אני; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Subject of the following action, emphatic in position.
- אֶמְאַס (emʾas) – Root: מאס; Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “will reject”; Notes: Expresses determined future action.
- בְּכָל (be-khol) – Root: כל; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “in all”; Notes: Denotes inclusion of the whole.
- זֶרַע (zeraʿ) – Root: זרע; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “offspring”; Notes: Refers to descendants; conveys continuity of lineage.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The covenant people descended from Yaʿaqov.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “because of”; Notes: Indicates cause or reason.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Totality in scope.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- עָשׂוּ (ʿasu) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have done”; Notes: Completed action referring to the deeds of Yisraʾel.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “utterance”; Notes: Formal prophetic declaration.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.