Jeremiah 37:8

וְשָׁ֨בוּ֙ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים וְנִלְחֲמ֖וּ עַל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וּלְכָדֻ֖הָ וּשְׂרָפֻ֥הָ בָאֵֽשׁ׃ ס

And the Kasdim shall return and fight against this city and capture it and burn it with fire.”’

Morphology

1. וְשָׁבוּ (ve-shavu) – Root: שוב; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with vav-consecutive (converted to future sense); Translation: “And they shall return”; Notes: Prophetic perfect, describing a certain future event.
2. הַכַּשְׂדִּים (ha-Kasdim) – Root: כשׂד; Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the Kasdim”; Notes: Refers to the Chaldeans, i.e., the Babylonians.
3. וְנִלְחֲמוּ (ve-nilḥamu) – Root: לחם; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person common plural with vav-consecutive (converted to future sense); Translation: “and they shall fight”; Notes: Nifal here is middle/reflexive with active sense of engaging in battle.
4. עַל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: Marks the target of the attack.
5. הָעִיר (ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Refers specifically to Yerushalayim.
6. הַזֹּאת (ha-zot) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun feminine singular with article; Translation: “this”; Notes: Emphasizes the particular city in question.
7. וּלְכָדֻהָ (u-lekhaduha) – Root: לכד; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix (converted to future sense); Translation: “and they shall capture it”; Notes: The suffix “-ha” refers to the city.
8. וּשְׂרָפֻהָ (u-serafuha) – Root: שרף; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix (converted to future sense); Translation: “and they shall burn it”; Notes: Again, suffix refers to the city.
9. בָּאֵשׁ (ba-ʾesh) – Root: אשׁ; Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “with fire”; Notes: Indicates means of destruction.