הֲגָנֹ֤ב רָצֹ֨חַ֙ וְֽנָאֹ֔ף וְהִשָּׁבֵ֥עַ לַשֶּׁ֖קֶר וְקַטֵּ֣ר לַבָּ֑עַל וְהָלֹ֗ךְ אַחֲרֵ֛י אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יְדַעְתֶּֽם׃
Will you steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and burn incense to the Baʿal, and walk after other gods whom you have not known?
Morphology
- הֲגָנֹב (ha-ganov) – Root: גנב (ganav); Form: Interrogative + Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “Will you steal?”; Notes: Infinitive absolute used rhetorically to express strong disapproval.
- רָצֹחַ (ratzoaḥ) – Root: רצח (ratsaḥ); Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “murder”; Notes: Continues the rhetorical accusatory list.
- וְנָאֹף (ve-naʾof) – Root: נאף (naʾaf); Form: Qal infinitive absolute with conjunction; Translation: “and commit adultery”; Notes: Infinitive absolute used to list crimes.
- וְהִשָּׁבֵעַ (ve-hishshaveaʿ) – Root: שׁבע (shavaʿ); Form: Niphal infinitive absolute with conjunction; Translation: “and swear”; Notes: Niphal stem indicates passive or reflexive swearing (taking an oath), often falsely here as indicated by context.
- לַשֶּׁקֶר (la-sheqer) – Root: שקר (sheqer); Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the lie”; Notes: Indicates false oaths, violating covenant truthfulness.
- וְקַטֵּר (ve-qatter) – Root: קטר (qatar); Form: Piel infinitive absolute with conjunction; Translation: “and burn incense”; Notes: Piel denotes ritual action, often in idolatrous worship.
- לַבָּעַל (la-Baʿal) – Root: בעל (Baʿal); Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun; Translation: “to the Baʿal”; Notes: Refers to the Canaanite deity, condemned throughout prophetic literature.
- וְהָלֹךְ (ve-halokh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal infinitive absolute with conjunction; Translation: “and walk”; Notes: Describes following or adhering to a path or allegiance.
- אַחֲרֵי (ʾaḥarei) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Often used idiomatically for following deities or ideologies.
- אֱלֹהִים (ʾelohim) – Root: אלה (ʾeloah); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “gods”; Notes: Refers here to false deities distinct from YHWH.
- אֲחֵרִים (ʾaḥerim) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥer); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “other”; Notes: Used frequently in reference to forbidden foreign gods.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause qualifying the “other gods.”
- לֹא־יְדַעְתֶּם (lo-yedaʿtem) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you have not known”; Notes: Implies no covenantal relationship or rightful knowledge of these gods.