וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּל־עָלָיו֩ מֵהֶ֨ם בְּמֹתָ֜ם יִטְמָ֗א מִכָּל־כְּלִי־עֵץ֙ אֹ֣ו בֶ֤גֶד אֹו־עֹור֙ אֹ֣ו שָׂ֔ק כָּל־כְּלִ֕י אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה מְלָאכָ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב וְטָהֵֽר׃
And whatever any of them falls on when they are dead shall be unclean, whether it is any article of wood, clothing, skin, or sackcloth—any article that is used for work—it shall be put in water, and it shall be unclean until the evening; then it shall be clean.
Morphology
- וְכֹ֣ל (vechol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Conjunction + noun, ms; Translation: “And whatever”; Notes: Introduces the condition of contamination.
- אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּל־עָלָיו֩ (asher-yippol-ʿalav) – Root: נפל (n-p-l); Form: Relative pronoun + verb, Qal, imperfect, 3ms + preposition + pronoun, 3ms; Translation: “That falls on it”; Notes: Describes the act of contact with the unclean object.
- מֵהֶ֨ם (mehem) – Root: מן (m-n) + הם (h-m); Form: Preposition + pronoun, 3mp; Translation: “From them”; Notes: Refers to the carcasses of unclean animals.
- בְּמֹתָ֜ם (bemotam) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Preposition + noun, ms construct + 3mp suffix; Translation: “When they are dead”; Notes: Specifies the condition causing impurity.
- יִטְמָ֗א (yitma) – Root: טמא (ṭ-m-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Shall become unclean”; Notes: Indicates ritual impurity.
- מִכָּל־כְּלִי־עֵץ֙ (mikol-keli-etz) – Root: כלי (k-l-y) + עץ (ʿ-ts); Form: Preposition + noun, ms construct + noun, ms; Translation: “Any article of wood”; Notes: Refers to wooden utensils.
- אֹ֣ו בֶ֤גֶד (o beged) – Root: בגד (b-g-d); Form: Conjunction + noun, ms; Translation: “Or clothing”; Notes: Includes garments as susceptible to impurity.
- אֹו־עֹור֙ (o-ʿor) – Root: עור (ʿ-w-r); Form: Conjunction + noun, ms; Translation: “Or skin”; Notes: Refers to leather or skin items.
- אֹ֣ו שָׂ֔ק (o saq) – Root: שק (s-q); Form: Conjunction + noun, ms; Translation: “Or sackcloth”; Notes: Includes coarse cloth materials.
- כָּל־כְּלִ֕י (kol-keli) – Root: כלי (k-l-y); Form: Noun, ms construct; Translation: “Any article”; Notes: Generalizes the rule for all implements.
- אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה (asher-yeʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Relative pronoun + verb, Niphal, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “That is used”; Notes: Refers to articles employed for tasks.
- מְלָאכָ֖ה (melaʾkhah) – Root: מלא (m-l-ʾ); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “Work”; Notes: Denotes labor or function.
- בָּהֶ֑ם (bahem) – Root: ב (b) + הם (h-m); Form: Preposition + pronoun, 3mp; Translation: “By them”; Notes: Indicates contamination by contact.
- בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א (bammayim yubʾa) – Root: בוא (b-w-ʾ); Form: Preposition + noun, mp + verb, Hophal, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Shall be brought in water”; Notes: Specifies the cleansing process.
- וְטָמֵ֥א (vetame) – Root: טמא (ṭ-m-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + adjective, ms; Translation: “And be unclean”; Notes: Describes the temporary state of impurity.
- עַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב (ʿad-haʿerev) – Root: ערב (ʿ-r-v); Form: Preposition + noun, ms; Translation: “Until the evening”; Notes: Specifies the duration of impurity.
- וְטָהֵֽר (vetaher) – Root: טהר (ṭ-h-r); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And it shall be clean”; Notes: Indicates purification after the required process.