וְהָיְתָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְחֻקַּ֣ת עֹולָ֑ם בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽעָשֹׂ֨ור לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ תְּעַנּ֣וּ אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֗ם וְכָל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתֹוכְכֶֽם׃
And it shall be a statute forever for you: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict your souls, and you shall do no work, both the native-born and the foreigner who resides among you.
Morphology
- וְהָיְתָ֥ה (ve-haytah) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And it shall be”; Notes: Refers to the statute being established.
- לָכֶ֖ם (lachem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Indicates the audience addressed.
- לְחֻקַּ֣ת (le-ḥuqqat) – Root: חקק (ḥ-q-q); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “A statute of”; Notes: Refers to a permanent legal regulation.
- עֹולָ֑ם (olam) – Root: עלם (ʿ-l-m); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “Forever”; Notes: Describes the perpetual nature of the statute.
- בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ (ba-ḥodesh) – Root: חדש (ḥ-d-sh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “In the month”; Notes: Refers to the seventh month.
- הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִי (ha-sheviʿi) – Root: שבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Adjective masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The seventh”; Notes: Specifies the month.
- בֶּֽעָשֹׂ֨ור (be-asor) – Root: עשר (ʿ-s-r); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “On the tenth”; Notes: Indicates the day of the month.
- לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ (la-ḥodesh) – Root: חדש (ḥ-d-sh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “Of the month”; Notes: Specifies the time.
- תְּעַנּ֣וּ (teʿannu) – Root: ענה (ʿ-n-h); Form: Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall afflict”; Notes: Refers to self-denial or fasting.
- אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֗ם (et-nafshoteikhem) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Your souls”; Notes: Refers to the individuals’ lives or beings.
- וְכָל־ (ve-kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “And all”; Notes: Indicates inclusivity.
- מְלָאכָה֙ (melachah) – Root: מלאך (m-l-ʾ-k); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “Work”; Notes: Refers to labor or activities.
- לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ (lo taʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall not do”; Notes: A prohibition against work.
- הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח (ha-ezrach) – Root: זרח (z-r-ḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The native-born”; Notes: Refers to Israelites born in the land.
- וְהַגֵּ֖ר (ve-ha-ger) – Root: גור (g-v-r); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “And the foreigner”; Notes: Refers to a resident alien.
- הַגָּ֥ר (ha-gar) – Root: גור (g-v-r); Form: Participle masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “Who resides”; Notes: Specifies the foreigner’s status.
- בְּתֹוכְכֶֽם (be-tokhechem) – Root: תוך (t-v-k); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Among you”; Notes: Indicates inclusion within the community.