שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּתֹ֥ון הִיא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֖ת עֹולָֽם׃
A Sabbath of complete rest it is for you, and you shall afflict your souls; a statute forever.
Morphology
- שַׁבַּ֨ת (shabbat) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “A Sabbath”; Notes: Refers to a day of rest and cessation from work.
- שַׁבָּתֹ֥ון (shabbaton) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A complete rest”; Notes: Emphasizes the intensity of the rest.
- הִיא֙ (hi) – Root: הוא (h-w-ʾ); Form: Pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Refers back to the Sabbath.
- לָכֶ֔ם (lakhem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Indicates the intended beneficiaries.
- וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם (ve-initem) – Root: ענה (ʿ-n-h); Form: Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “And you shall afflict”; Notes: Refers to acts of self-denial.
- אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם (et-nafshoteikhem) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Your souls”; Notes: Refers to the inner being or life of the people.
- חֻקַּ֖ת (ḥukkat) – Root: חקק (ḥ-q-q); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “A statute of”; Notes: Indicates a permanent legal decree.
- עֹולָֽם (olam) – Root: עולם (ʿ-w-l-m); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Forever”; Notes: Denotes perpetuity.