Leviticus 24:20

שֶׁ֚בֶר תַּ֣חַת שֶׁ֔בֶר עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֥ן מוּם֙ בָּֽאָדָ֔ם כֵּ֖ן יִנָּ֥תֶן בֹּֽו׃

Fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; as he inflicts a blemish on a person, so it shall be inflicted on him.

Morphology

1. שֶׁ֚בֶר (shever) – Root: שׁבר (sh-v-r); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Fracture”; Notes: Refers to a break or physical injury.
2. תַּ֣חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition; Translation: “For” or “in place of”; Notes: Denotes equivalence or retribution.
3. שֶׁ֔בֶר (shever) – Root: שׁבר (sh-v-r); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Fracture”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis on reciprocal justice.
4. עַ֚יִן (ayin) – Root: עין (ʿ-y-n); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “Eye”; Notes: Refers to physical harm to the eye.
5. תַּ֣חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition; Translation: “For” or “in place of”; Notes: Reiterates the principle of equivalence.
6. עַ֔יִן (ayin) – Root: עין (ʿ-y-n); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “Eye”; Notes: Specifies the injury.
7. שֵׁ֖ן (shen) – Root: שׁן (sh-n); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Tooth”; Notes: Refers to physical harm to the tooth.
8. תַּ֣חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition; Translation: “For” or “in place of”; Notes: Maintains the principle of proportional justice.
9. שֵׁ֑ן (shen) – Root: שׁן (sh-n); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “Tooth”; Notes: Completes the triad of physical injuries.
10. כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר (ka’asher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Form: Particle of comparison; Translation: “As”; Notes: Introduces the standard of equivalence.
11. יִתֵּ֥ן (yitten) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He inflicts”; Notes: Indicates the action performed.
12. מוּם (mum) – Root: מום (m-w-m); Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “A blemish”; Notes: Refers to physical harm.
13. בָּֽאָדָ֔ם (ba-adam) – Root: אדם (ʾ-d-m); Form: Preposition ב with masculine singular noun; Translation: “On a person”; Notes: Specifies the recipient of the action.
14. כֵּ֖ן (ken) – Root: כן (k-n); Form: Adverb; Translation: “So”; Notes: Indicates reciprocity or equivalent response.
15. יִנָּ֥תֶן (yinnaten) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “It shall be inflicted”; Notes: Reflects passive justice.
16. בֹּֽו׃ (bo) – Root: ב (b); Form: Preposition ב with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “On him”; Notes: Specifies the recipient of the inflicted justice.