וְהִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ אֹתָ֜הּ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְאָמַ֤ר אֶל־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אִם־לֹ֨א שָׁכַ֥ב אִישׁ֙ אֹתָ֔ךְ וְאִם־לֹ֥א שָׂטִ֛ית טֻמְאָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת אִישֵׁ֑ךְ הִנָּקִ֕י מִמֵּ֛י הַמָּרִ֥ים הַֽמְאָרֲרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃
And the priest shall make her swear an oath, and shall say to the woman: If no man has lain with you, and if you have not gone astray in uncleanness under your husband, be free from this bitter water that causes the curse.
Morphology
- וְהִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ (vehishbiʿa) – Root: שבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he shall make swear”; Notes: Refers to the priest administering the oath.
- אֹתָ֜הּ (otah) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Direct object marker with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Her”; Notes: Refers to the woman taking the oath.
- הַכֹּהֵ֗ן (hakohen) – Root: כהן (k-h-n); Form: Noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The priest”; Notes: Refers to the officiant.
- וְאָמַ֤ר (ve’amar) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he shall say”; Notes: Indicates the priest speaking to the woman.
- אֶל־הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ (el-ha’ishah) – Root: אשה (ʾ-i-sh-h); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “To the woman”; Notes: Specifies the recipient of the speech.
- אִם־לֹ֨א (im-lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Conditional particle + negative particle; Translation: “If not”; Notes: Introduces a conditional statement.
- שָׁכַ֥ב (shakhav) – Root: שכב (sh-k-v); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Has lain”; Notes: Refers to physical relations.
- אִישׁ֙ (ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Indicates an individual other than her husband.
- אֹתָ֔ךְ (otakh) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Direct object marker with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “With you”; Notes: Refers to the woman.
- וְאִם־לֹ֥א (ve’im-lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + conditional particle + negative particle; Translation: “And if not”; Notes: Continues the conditional clause.
- שָׂטִ֛ית (satit) – Root: שטה (s-t-h); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “You have gone astray”; Notes: Refers to moral or marital infidelity.
- טֻמְאָ֖ה (tum’ah) – Root: טמא (t-m-ʾ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “Uncleanness”; Notes: Indicates ritual or moral impurity.
- תַּ֣חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Under”; Notes: Refers to the woman’s husband.
- אִישֵׁ֑ךְ (ishekh) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Your husband”; Notes: Identifies the woman’s spouse.
- הִנָּקִ֕י (hinnaki) – Root: נקי (n-q-y); Form: Nifal imperative 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “Be free”; Notes: Refers to her being free from the curse.
- מִמֵּ֛י (mimei) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “From the water”; Notes: Indicates the source of the curse.
- הַמָּרִ֥ים (hamarim) – Root: מר (m-r); Form: Adjective masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “The bitter”; Notes: Describes the water.
- הַֽמְאָרֲרִ֖ים (hameʾorarim) – Root: ארר (ʾ-r-r); Form: Hiphil participle masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “That causes the curse”; Notes: Specifies the purpose of the water.
- הָאֵֽלֶּה (ha’eleh) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “These”; Notes: Refers to the bitter water.