Psalm 35:12

יְשַׁלְּמ֣וּנִי רָ֭עָה תַּ֥חַת טֹובָ֗ה שְׁכֹ֣ול לְנַפְשִֽׁי׃

They repay me evil instead of good, bereavement to my soul.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 יְשַׁלְּמוּנִי yeshallemuni “they repay me” Piel imperfect 3mp + suff 1cs
2 רָעָה raʿah “evil” N(fs)
3 תַּחַת taḥat “instead of” Preposition
4 טֹובָה ṭovah “good” N(fs)
5 שְׁכֹול shekhol “bereavement” N(ms)
6 לְנַפְשִׁי le-nafshi “to my soul” Prep לְ + N(fs) + suff 1cs

 

Morphology

  1. יְשַׁלְּמוּנִי (yeshallemuni) – Root: שלם (shalam); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Piel; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “they repay me”; Notes: The verb expresses requital or recompense. Here the repayment is hostile and unjust, directed against the speaker.
  2. רָעָה (raʿah) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “evil”; Notes: Refers to harmful treatment or injury repaid to the speaker.
  3. תַּחַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition; Translation: “instead of”; Notes: Marks substitution or exchange, highlighting the moral reversal in which evil is returned where good had been given.
  4. טֹובָה (ṭovah) – Root: טוב (ṭov); Root Type: Hollow (II-Waw); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “good”; Notes: Refers to beneficence or kindness that should have been answered with gratitude rather than harm.
  5. שְׁכֹול (shekhol) – Root: שׁכל (shakhal); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “bereavement”; Notes: Denotes deprivation or loss. In context it expresses the devastating result of their hostility upon the speaker’s inner life.
  6. לְנַפְשִׁי (le-nafshi) – Root: נפשׁ (nafash); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “to my soul”; Notes: Refers to the speaker’s life or inner being as the one suffering the bereavement-like loss.

 

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