בְּֽתֹוכָ֘חֹ֤ות עַל־עָוֹ֨ן יִסַּ֬רְתָּ אִ֗ישׁ וַתֶּ֣מֶס כָּעָ֣שׁ חֲמוּדֹ֑ו אַ֤ךְ הֶ֖בֶל כָּל־אָדָ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃
With rebukes for iniquity You discipline a man, and You dissolve like a moth his desirableness; surely every human is vapor. Sela.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | בְּתֹוכָחוֹת | be-tokhaḥot | “with rebukes” | Prep בְּ + N(fp) |
| 2 | עַל־עָוֹן | ʿal-ʿavon | “for iniquity” | Prep עַל + N(ms) |
| 3 | יִסַּרְתָּ | yissarta | “You discipline” | Piel perfect 2ms |
| 4 | אִישׁ | ʾish | “man” | N(ms) |
| 5 | וַתֶּמֶס | va-temes | “and You dissolve” | Qal wayyiqtol 2ms |
| 6 | כָּעָשׁ | ka-ʿash | “like a moth” | Prep כְ + N(ms) |
| 7 | חֲמוּדוֹ | ḥamudo | “his desirableness” | N(ms) + suff 3ms |
| 8 | אַךְ | ʾakh | “surely” | Particle |
| 9 | הֶבֶל | hevel | “vapor” | N(ms) |
| 10 | כָּל | kol | “every” | N(ms) construct |
| 11 | אָדָם | ʾadam | “human” | N(ms) |
| 12 | סֶלָה | selah | “Selah” | Liturgical marker |
Morphology
- בְּתֹוכָחוֹת (be-tokhaḥot) – Root: יכח (yakhaḥ); Root Type: I-Yod; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine plural; Translation: “with rebukes”; Notes: Instrumental use, indicating means of discipline.
- עַל־עָוֹן (ʿal-ʿavon) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for iniquity”; Notes: Specifies the cause or basis for rebuke.
- יִסַּרְתָּ (yissarta) – Root: יסר (yasar); Root Type: I-Yod; Binyan: Piel; Form: Perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You discipline”; Notes: Intensive action of correction or chastisement.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Represents any human individual.
- וַתֶּמֶס (va-temes) – Root: מסס (masas); Root Type: Geminate; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וַ + wayyiqtol (narrative past) 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and You dissolve”; Notes: Describes the result of divine discipline.
- כָּעָשׁ (ka-ʿash) – Root: עשׁ (ʿash); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע); Form: Preposition כְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a moth”; Notes: Image of gradual consumption.
- חֲמוּדוֹ (ḥamudo) – Root: חמד (ḥamad); Root Type: I-Guttural (ח); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his desirableness”; Notes: Refers to what is precious or desirable to a person.
- אַךְ (ʾakh) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle (Strong); Form: Particle of emphasis; Translation: “surely”; Notes: Marks a definitive conclusion.
- הֶבֶל (hevel) – Root: הבל (haval); Root Type: I-Guttural (ה); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “vapor”; Notes: Symbol of transience and futility.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כלל (kalal); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “every”; Notes: Universalizing expression.
- אָדָם (ʾadam) – Root: אדם (ʾadam); Root Type: I-Guttural (א); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “human”; Notes: Represents humankind collectively.
- סֶלָה (selah) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle (Strong); Form: Liturgical marker; Translation: “Selah”; Notes: Marks a pause for reflection or musical interlude.