וְהִכָּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָנ֣וּד הַקָּנֶה֮ בַּמַּיִם֒ וְנָתַ֣שׁ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵ֠עַל הָאֲדָמָ֨ה הַטֹּובָ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָתַן֙ לַאֲבֹ֣ותֵיהֶ֔ם וְזֵרָ֖ם מֵעֵ֣בֶר לַנָּהָ֑ר יַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ אֶת־אֲשֵׁ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם מַכְעִיסִ֖ים אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃
And YHWH will strike Yisraʾel as the reed sways in the water, and He will uproot Yisraʾel from upon this good land that He gave to their fathers, and He will scatter them beyond the River, because they made their Asherim, provoking YHWH to anger.
Morphology
- וְהִכָּ֨ה (ve-hikkāh) – Root: נכה; Form: Conjunction + Hiphil perfect 3ms; Translation: “and He will strike”; Notes: Refers to YHWH bringing judgment.
- יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb “strike.”
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (ʾet-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “strike.”
- כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר (kaʾăsher) – Root: אשר; Form: Comparative conjunction; Translation: “as”; Notes: Introduces simile.
- יָנ֣וּד (yānūd) – Root: נוד; Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “sways”; Notes: Describes instability and motion.
- הַקָּנֶה (ha-qāneh) – Root: קנה; Form: Definite article + noun masculine singular; Translation: “the reed”; Notes: Symbol of fragility and instability.
- בַּמַּיִם (ba-mayim) – Root: מים; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural; Translation: “in the water”; Notes: Completes the simile of instability.
- וְנָתַ֣שׁ (ve-nātaš) – Root: נתש; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “and He will uproot”; Notes: Implies violent removal or exile.
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (ʾet-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis in parallel judgment action.
- מֵעַל (me-ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + prefix מ; Translation: “from upon”; Notes: Indicates removal from position of inheritance.
- הָאֲדָמָ֨ה (ha-ʾădāmāh) – Root: אדמה; Form: Definite article + noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the Promised Land.
- הַטֹּובָה (ha-ṭōvah) – Root: טוב; Form: Definite article + adjective feminine singular; Translation: “the good”; Notes: Qualifies the land; highlights its value.
- הַזֹּאת (ha-zōt) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Specifies which land is being referenced.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾăsher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Connects subordinate clause.
- נָתַן (nātan) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “He gave”; Notes: Refers to divine gift of the land.
- לַאֲבֹותֵיהֶם (la-ʾăvōtēhem) – Root: אב; Form: Preposition ל + plural noun with 3mp suffix; Translation: “to their fathers”; Notes: Refers to the patriarchs of Yisraʾel.
- וְזֵרָ֖ם (ve-zērām) – Root: זרה; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3ms + 3mp suffix; Translation: “and He will scatter them”; Notes: Refers to dispersion into exile.
- מֵעֵבֶר (me-ʿēver) – Root: עבר; Form: Preposition מ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from beyond”; Notes: Refers to the opposite side (exile side).
- לַנָּהָר (la-nāhār) – Root: נהר; Form: Preposition ל + noun masculine singular with article; Translation: “the River”; Notes: Typically refers to the Euphrates.
- יַ֗עַן (yaʿan) – Root: ען; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces reason for judgment.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ (ʾăsher ʿāśū) – Root: עשה; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “that they made”; Notes: Refers to idolatrous actions.
- אֶת־אֲשֵׁרֵיהֶם (ʾet-ʾăshērēhem) – Root: אשרה; Form: Object marker + noun feminine plural with 3mp suffix; Translation: “their Asherim”; Notes: Idolatrous poles or cultic objects of Asherah worship.
- מַכְעִיסִ֖ים (makhʿīsīm) – Root: כעס; Form: Hiphil participle masculine plural; Translation: “provoking”; Notes: Indicates causative action of inciting divine anger.
- אֶת־יְהוָֽה (ʾet-YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Object marker + proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Direct object of provocation.