1 Samuel 25:39

וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדֹּו֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשֹׁ֑ו וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ לֹ֖ו לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

And Dawid heard that Naval had died, and he said, “Blessed be YHWH, who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Naval, and has kept His servant from evil, and has returned the evil of Naval upon his own head.” And Dawid sent and spoke to Avigayil, to take her to himself as a wife.

Morphology

1. וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע (vayishmaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he heard”; Notes: Introduces Dawid’s reaction.
2. דָּוִד֮ (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
3. כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a reason.
4. מֵ֣ת (met) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “had died”; Notes: Refers to Naval’s death.
5. נָבָל֒ (Naval) – Root: נבל (Naval); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Naval”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
6. וַיֹּ֡אמֶר (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
7. בָּר֣וּךְ (barukh) – Root: ברך (barakh); Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “Blessed”; Notes: Expresses praise.
8. יְהוָ֡ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the blessing.
9. אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a description of YHWH.
10. רָב֩ (rav) – Root: ריב (riv); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has pleaded”; Notes: Refers to divine justice.
11. אֶת־רִ֨יב (et-riv) – Root: ריב (riv); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “the cause”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s grievance.
12. חֶרְפָּתִ֜י (ḥerpaṯi) – Root: חרף (ḥeref); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “of my reproach”; Notes: Indicates Dawid’s dishonor.
13. מִיַּ֣ד (mi-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “from the hand of”; Notes: Indicates source of the dispute.
14. נָבָ֗ל (Naval) – Root: נבל (Naval); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Naval”; Notes: The antagonist.
15. וְאֶת־עַבְדֹּו֙ (ve-et-ʿavdo) – Root: עבד (ʿeved); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and His servant”; Notes: Refers to Dawid.
16. חָשַׂ֣ךְ (ḥasakh) – Root: חשך (ḥasakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has kept”; Notes: Refers to divine protection.
17. מֵֽרָעָ֔ה (me-raʿah) – Root: רעע (raʿ); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “from evil”; Notes: The harm Dawid avoided.
18. וְאֵת֙ (ve-et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: Not translated; Notes: Marks the object.
19. רָעַ֣ת (raʿat) – Root: רע (raʿ); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “the evil of”; Notes: Refers to Naval’s deeds.
20. נָבָ֔ל (Naval) – Root: נבל (Naval); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Naval”; Notes: The one who acted wickedly.
21. וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח (vayishlaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he sent”; Notes: Indicates Dawid’s action to take Avigayil as his wife.
22. דָּוִד֙ (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
23. וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר (vayedabber) – Root: דבר (dabar); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he spoke”; Notes: Denotes intentional communication.
24. בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל (ba-Avigayil) – Root: אבי (avi) + גיל (gil); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “to Avigayil”; Notes: Direct object of the action.
25. לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ (leqachtah) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to take her”; Notes: Expresses purpose.
26. לֹ֖ו (lo) – Root: לו (lo); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to himself”; Notes: Indicates possession or intention.
27. לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ (le-ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “as a wife”; Notes: Finalizes Dawid’s intent.