וַיִּקַּח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֜ית וְאֶת־צַפַּ֤חַת הַמַּ֨יִם֙ מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֣ין רֹאֶה֩ וְאֵ֨ין יֹודֵ֜עַ וְאֵ֣ין מֵקִ֗יץ כִּ֤י כֻלָּם֙ יְשֵׁנִ֔ים כִּ֚י תַּרְדֵּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה נָפְלָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
And Dawid took the spear and the jug of water from Saul’s head, and they went away, and no one saw, and no one knew, and no one woke up, for all of them were sleeping, because a deep sleep from YHWH had fallen upon them.
Morphology
- וַיִּקַּח֩ (vayyiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he took”; Notes: Narrative continuation.
- דָּוִ֨ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֜ית (et-haḥanit) – Root: חנית (ḥanit); Form: Noun, feminine singular definite; Translation: “the spear”; Notes: Direct object.
- וְאֶת־צַפַּ֤חַת (ve-et-tsappaḥat) – Root: צפחת (tsappaḥat); Form: Noun, feminine singular definite; Translation: “and the jug”; Notes: Additional object.
- הַמַּ֨יִם֙ (ha-mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “of water”; Notes: Specifies the jug’s content.
- מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵ֣י (meraʾashotei) – Root: ראש (rosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “from the head of”; Notes: Indicates location.
- שָׁא֔וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Saul”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite king.
- וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ (vayyelekhu) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they went”; Notes: Plural subject.
- לָהֶ֑ם (lahem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Indicates direction.
- וְאֵ֣ין רֹאֶה֩ (ve-ein roʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Negative particle with Qal active participle; Translation: “and no one saw”; Notes: Absolute negation.
- וְאֵ֨ין יֹודֵ֜עַ (ve-ein yodeaʿ) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Negative particle with Qal active participle; Translation: “and no one knew”; Notes: Further negation.
- וְאֵ֣ין מֵקִ֗יץ (ve-ein meqits) – Root: קיץ (qits); Form: Negative particle with Hifʿil active participle; Translation: “and no one woke up”; Notes: Expresses inability to wake up.
- כִּ֤י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason.
- כֻלָּם֙ (kullam) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, masculine plural with suffix; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Inclusive.
- יְשֵׁנִ֔ים (yeshenim) – Root: ישן (yashen); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “were sleeping”; Notes: Describes their state.
- כִּ֚י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Further explanation.
- תַּרְדֵּמַ֣ת (tardemat) – Root: תרדמה (tardemah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “deep sleep”; Notes: Refers to supernatural slumber.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Divine source of sleep.
- נָפְלָ֖ה (nafelah) – Root: נפל (nafal); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “had fallen”; Notes: Describes past event.
- עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ (ʿaleihem) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon them”; Notes: Shows direction.