וַיִּ֣פֶן יֹאשִׁיָּ֗הוּ וַיַּ֨רְא אֶת־הַקְּבָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ בָּהָ֔ר וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הָֽעֲצָמֹות֙ מִן־הַקְּבָרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ וַֽיְטַמְּאֵ֑הוּ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרָא֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֔א אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃
And Yoshiyyahu turned and saw the tombs that were there on the mountain, and he sent and took the bones from the tombs and burned them on the altar, and he defiled it, according to the word of YHWH which the man of God had proclaimed, who proclaimed these words.
Morphology
- וַיִּ֣פֶן (va-yifen) – Root: פנה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he turned”; Notes: Indicates a deliberate change of direction or attention.
- יֹאשִׁיָּ֗הוּ (Yoshiyahu) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoshiyahu”; Notes: Refers to King Josiah of Yehudah.
- וַיַּ֨רְא (va-yar) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he saw”; Notes: Visual recognition leading to further action.
- אֶת־הַקְּבָרִ֤ים (et ha-qevarim) – Root: קבר; Form: Direct object + definite plural noun; Translation: “the tombs”; Notes: Refers to burial places near the high place.
- אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ (asher sham) – Form: Relative pronoun + adverb; Translation: “that were there”; Notes: Refers to location on the mountain.
- בָּהָ֔ר (ba-har) – Root: הר; Form: Preposition + definite noun; Translation: “on the mountain”; Notes: Specific geographical setting for the idolatrous site.
- וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח (va-yishlaḥ) – Root: שלח; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he sent”; Notes: Command to retrieve the bones.
- וַיִּקַּ֤ח (va-yiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he took”; Notes: Act of exhuming bones for defilement.
- אֶת־הָֽעֲצָמֹות֙ (et ha-ʿatsamot) – Root: עצם; Form: Direct object + definite plural noun; Translation: “the bones”; Notes: Human remains used for ritual desecration.
- מִן־הַקְּבָרִ֔ים (min ha-qevarim) – Root: קבר; Form: Preposition + definite plural noun; Translation: “from the tombs”; Notes: Origin of the bones taken.
- וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף (va-yisrof) – Root: שׂרף; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he burned”; Notes: Action of desecration by fire.
- עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ (ʿal ha-mizbeaḥ) – Root: זבח; Form: Preposition + definite noun; Translation: “on the altar”; Notes: Specific location of the burning.
- וַיְטַמְּאֵ֑הוּ (va-yetammeʾhu) – Root: טמא; Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 3ms suffix; Translation: “and he defiled it”; Notes: Rendered the altar ritually impure.
- כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה (ki-dvar YHWH) – Root: דבר; Form: Preposition + construct noun + proper name; Translation: “according to the word of YHWH”; Notes: Fulfillment of prophetic announcement.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרָא֙ (asher qara) – Root: קרא; Form: Relative clause + Qal perfect; Translation: “which proclaimed”; Notes: Refers to a previous prophecy.
- אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים (ish ha-Elohim) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Noun + definite construct; Translation: “the man of God”; Notes: Title for an unnamed prophet of YHWH.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֔א (asher qara) – Root: קרא; Form: Relative clause + Qal perfect; Translation: “who proclaimed”; Notes: Reiterates prophetic fulfillment.
- אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה (et ha-devarim ha-eleh) – Root: דבר; Form: Direct object + definite plural noun + demonstrative; Translation: “these words”; Notes: The specific oracle now fulfilled by Yoshiyahu.