וַיְהִ֣י בַּיֹּ֣ום הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י וְהִנֵּה֩ אִ֨ישׁ בָּ֤א מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ מֵעִ֣ם שָׁא֔וּל וּבְגָדָ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשֹׁ֑ו וַיְהִי֙ בְּבֹאֹ֣ו אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּפֹּ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃
And it came to pass on the third day, that behold, a man came from the camp from with Shaʾul, and his garments were torn, and earth was upon his head. And it came to pass when he came to Dawid, that he fell to the ground and prostrated himself.
Morphology
- וַיְהִ֣י (va-yehi) – Root: היה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces a new event.
- בַּיֹּ֣ום הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י (ba-yom ha-shlishi) – Root: יום; Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article and ordinal adjective; Translation: “on the third day”; Notes: Specifies the time of the event.
- וְהִנֵּה֩ (ve-hineh) – Root: הנה; Form: Interjection; Translation: “behold”; Notes: Draws attention to a new occurrence.
- אִ֨ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Subject of the verb “came.”
- בָּ֤א (ba) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “came”; Notes: Describes the man’s arrival.
- מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ (min-ha-maḥaneh) – Root: מחנה; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with preposition; Translation: “from the camp”; Notes: Indicates the origin of the man.
- מֵעִ֣ם שָׁא֔וּל (me-im Shaʾul) – Root: עם, שאול; Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “from with Shaʾul”; Notes: Indicates he was part of Shaʾul’s forces.
- וּבְגָדָ֣יו (u-vegadav) – Root: בגד; Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his garments”; Notes: Subject of “were torn.”
- קְרֻעִ֔ים (qəruʿim) – Root: קרע; Form: Qal passive participle masculine plural absolute; Translation: “were torn”; Notes: Describes the state of the man’s clothing.
- וַאֲדָמָ֖ה (va-adamah) – Root: אדמה; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “and earth”; Notes: Indicates a sign of mourning.
- עַל־רֹאשֹׁ֑ו (ʿal-rosho) – Root: ראש; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon his head”; Notes: Indicates mourning practice.
- וַיְהִי֙ (va-yehi) – Root: היה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces the next event.
- בְּבֹאֹ֣ו (be-voʾo) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “when he came”; Notes: Indicates a temporal clause.
- אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד (el-Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “to Dawid”; Notes: Specifies the recipient of his arrival.
- וַיִּפֹּ֥ל (va-yippol) – Root: נפל; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he fell”; Notes: Describes his action upon meeting Dawid.
- אַ֖רְצָה (artzah) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute with direction suffix; Translation: “to the ground”; Notes: Indicates the direction of the fall.
- וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ (va-yishtaḥu) – Root: שחה; Form: Hishtafel wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he prostrated himself”; Notes: Indicates submission or reverence.