וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֥יו דָּוִ֛ד מֶה־הָיָ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר הַגֶּד־נָ֣א לִ֑י וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨ס הָעָ֜ם מִן־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְגַם־הַרְבֵּ֞ה נָפַ֤ל מִן־הָעָם֙ וַיָּמֻ֔תוּ וְגַ֗ם שָׁא֛וּל וִיהֹונָתָ֥ן בְּנֹ֖ו מֵֽתוּ׃
And Dawid said to him, “What has happened? Tell me, please.” And he said, “The people have fled from the battle, and also many of the people have fallen and died, and also Shaʾul and Yəhōnatan his son have died.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces Dawid’s speech.
- אֵלָ֥יו (elav) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of the speech.
- דָּוִ֛ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb “said.”
- מֶה־הָיָ֥ה (meh-hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Interrogative + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “What has happened”; Notes: Introduces a question about past events.
- הַדָּבָ֖ר (ha-davar) – Root: דבר; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the matter”; Notes: Specifies the subject of the inquiry.
- הַגֶּד־נָ֣א (haged-na) – Root: נגד; Form: Hifil imperative masculine singular with particle; Translation: “Tell me, please”; Notes: A polite command.
- לִ֑י (li) – Root: לי; Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of the speech.
- וַ֠יֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces the response.
- אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨ס (ʾasher-nas) – Root: נוס; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “that have fled”; Notes: Describes the flight of the people.
- הָעָ֜ם (ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Subject of “fled.”
- מִן־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה (min-ha-milḥamah) – Root: מלחמה; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute with preposition and definite article; Translation: “from the battle”; Notes: Specifies the event they fled from.
- וְגַם־הַרְבֵּ֞ה (ve-gam-harbeh) – Root: רבה; Form: Adverbial phrase; Translation: “and also many”; Notes: Indicates extent.
- נָפַ֤ל (nafal) – Root: נפל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “have fallen”; Notes: Describes casualties.
- מִן־הָעָם֙ (min-ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with preposition and definite article; Translation: “from the people”; Notes: Specifies who fell.
- וַיָּמֻ֔תוּ (va-yamutu) – Root: מות; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they died”; Notes: Describes the ultimate fate of those fallen.
- וְגַ֗ם (ve-gam) – Root: גם; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and also”; Notes: Adds emphasis.
- שָׁא֛וּל (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Identifies the fallen king.
- וִיהֹונָתָ֥ן (Yəhōnatan) – Root: יהונתן; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yəhōnatan”; Notes: Identifies Shaʾul’s son.
- בְּנֹ֖ו (bno) – Root: בן; Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his son”; Notes: Refers to Yəhōnatan as the son of Shaʾul.
- מֵֽתוּ׃ (metu) – Root: מות; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “have died”; Notes: Confirms their deaths.