2 Samuel 13:19

וַתִּקַּ֨ח תָּמָ֥ר אֵ֨פֶר֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ וּכְתֹ֧נֶת הַפַּסִּ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלֶ֖יהָ קָרָ֑עָה וַתָּ֤שֶׂם יָדָהּ֙ עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ וַתֵּ֥לֶךְ הָלֹ֖וךְ וְזָעָֽקָה׃

And Tamar took ashes and placed them on her head, and the tunic of many colors that was on her she tore. And she put her hand on her head and went away, walking and crying out continually.

Morphology

1. וַתִּקַּ֨ח (va-tiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And she took”; Notes: Initiates Tamar’s actions of mourning.
2. תָּמָ֥ר (Tamar) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Feminine singular proper name; Translation: “Tamar”; Notes: Daughter of Dawid.
3. אֵ֨פֶר (efer) – Root: אפר (efer); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “ashes”; Notes: Symbol of mourning or humiliation.
4. עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ (ʿal-roshah) – Root: על (ʿal) + ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “on her head”; Notes: Placement of ashes as mourning gesture.
5. וּכְתֹ֧נֶת (u-ketonet) – Root: כתן (katan); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “and the tunic of”; Notes: Begins description of clothing.
6. הַפַּסִּ֛ים (ha-passim) – Root: פסס (pasas); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “many colors / stripes”; Notes: Royal garment.
7. אֲשֶׁ֥ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative particle; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
8. עָלֶ֖יהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “was on her”; Notes: Continuation of clause about the garment.
9. קָרָ֑עָה (qaraʿah) – Root: קרע (qaraʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “she tore”; Notes: Mourning act, tearing of garments.
10. וַתָּ֤שֶׂם (va-tasem) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she placed”; Notes: Further description of mourning.
11. יָדָהּ֙ (yada) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her hand”; Notes: Part of mourning posture.
12. עַל־רֹאשָׁ֔הּ (ʿal-roshah) – Root: על (ʿal) + ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Preposition + noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “on her head”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
13. וַתֵּ֥לֶךְ (va-telekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she went”; Notes: Beginning of her departure.
14. הָלֹ֖וךְ (halokh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Infinitive absolute; Translation: “continually”; Notes: Emphasizes the ongoing nature of her walking.
15. וְזָעָֽקָה (ve-zaʿaqah) – Root: זעק (zaʿaq); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she cried out”; Notes: Public lamentation.