וְדָוִ֡ד עֹלֶה֩ בְמַעֲלֵ֨ה הַזֵּיתִ֜ים עֹלֶ֣ה וּבֹוכֶ֗ה וְרֹ֥אשׁ לֹו֙ חָפ֔וּי וְה֖וּא הֹלֵ֣ךְ יָחֵ֑ף וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתֹּ֗ו חָפוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ רֹאשֹׁ֔ו וְעָל֥וּ עָלֹ֖ה וּבָכֹֽה׃
And Dawid was going up by the ascent of the olives, going up and weeping, with his head covered, and he was walking barefoot. And all the people who were with him each covered his head, and they went up, going up and weeping.
Morphology
- וְדָוִ֡ד (ve-Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “And Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the main clause.
- עֹלֶה֩ (ʿoleh) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “going up”; Notes: Indicates continuous motion upward.
- בְמַעֲלֵ֨ה (be-maʿaleh) – Root: עלה; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “by the ascent of”; Notes: Refers to a rising path or slope.
- הַזֵּיתִ֜ים (ha-zeitim) – Root: זית; Form: Definite noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the olives”; Notes: Refers to the Mount of Olives.
- עֹלֶ֣ה (ʿoleh) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular (repetition); Translation: “going up”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- וּבֹוכֶ֗ה (u-voḵeh) – Root: בכה; Form: Conjunction + Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “and weeping”; Notes: Indicates emotional state.
- וְרֹ֥אשׁ לֹו֙ (ve-rosh lo) – Root: ראש; Form: Conjunction + noun + pronoun suffix; Translation: “and his head”; Notes: Subject of the next verb.
- חָפ֔וּי (ḥafui) – Root: חפה; Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “covered”; Notes: Describes a sign of mourning.
- וְה֖וּא (ve-hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun; Translation: “and he”; Notes: Introduces new clause with emphasis on subject.
- הֹלֵ֣ךְ (holekh) – Root: הלך; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “walking”; Notes: Continuous action.
- יָחֵ֑ף (yaḥef) – Root: יחף; Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “barefoot”; Notes: Another sign of mourning or humility.
- וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם (ve-khol ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular collective; Translation: “and all the people”; Notes: Refers to those accompanying Dawid.
- אֲשֶׁר־אִתֹּ֗ו (asher-itto) – Root: את; Form: Relative pronoun + preposition + suffix; Translation: “who were with him”; Notes: Describes the people traveling with Dawid.
- חָפוּ֙ (ḥafu) – Root: חפה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural; Translation: “covered”; Notes: Expresses completed action of mourning.
- אִ֣ישׁ רֹאשֹׁ֔ו (ish rosho) – Root: איש + ראש; Form: Noun + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “each man his head”; Notes: Individual participation in mourning.
- וְעָל֥וּ (ve-ʿalu) – Root: עלה; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural; Translation: “and they went up”; Notes: Coordinated with next participle.
- עָלֹ֖ה (ʿaloh) – Root: עלה; Form: Infinitive absolute; Translation: “going up”; Notes: Reinforces the verb for emphasis or continuity.
- וּבָכֹֽה (u-vakhoh) – Root: בכה; Form: Conjunction + infinitive absolute; Translation: “and weeping”; Notes: Parallel with “going up,” emphasizes simultaneous emotion.