וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֔לָה וְכִמְהָ֖ן עָבַ֣ר עִמֹּ֑ו וְכָל־עַ֤ם יְהוּדָה֙ וַיַּעַבְר֣וּ אֶת־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְגַ֕ם חֲצִ֖י עַ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And the king passed over to the Gilgal, and Kimham passed with him, and all the people of Yehuda also passed over the king—and even half of the people of Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- וַיַּעֲבֹר (vayyaʿavor) – Root: עבר; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “And he passed over”; Notes: Narrative verb continuing the king’s movement.
- הַמֶּלֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Refers to King Dawid.
- הַגִּלְגָּלָה (ha-Gilgalah) – Root: גלגל; Form: Definite proper noun with directional he; Translation: “to the Gilgal”; Notes: Place name; the directional ending indicates motion toward.
- וְכִמְהָן (ve-Kimhan) – Root: כמם; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Kimham”; Notes: Companion of the king, chosen by Barzillai.
- עָבַר (ʿavar) – Root: עבר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “passed over”; Notes: Follows the king in crossing.
- עִמֹּו (ʿimmō) – Root: עם; Form: Preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Refers to Kimham accompanying the king.
- וְכָל־עַם יְהוּדָה (ve-kol-ʿam Yehudah) – Root: כל, עם, יהודה; Form: Conjunction + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “and all the people of Yehudah”; Notes: The tribe of Judah supporting the king.
- וַיַּעַבְרוּ (vayyaʿavru) – Root: עבר; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural; Translation: “they passed over”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yehudah crossing.
- אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ (et-ha-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Object marker + definite noun; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Could indicate accompanying or passing before/with the king.
- וְגַם (ve-gam) – Root: גם; Form: Conjunction/adverb; Translation: “and also” / “even”; Notes: Adds another group to the list.
- חֲצִי עַם יִשְׂרָאֵל (ḥatsi ʿam Yisraʾel) – Root: חצה, עם, ישראל; Form: Noun construct phrase; Translation: “half of the people of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Indicates division among the tribes of Yisraʾel.