וַיָּבֹ֨א דָוִ֣ד אֶל־בֵּיתֹו֮ יְרֽוּשָׁלִָם֒ וַיִּקַּ֣ח הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֵ֣ת עֶֽשֶׂר־נָשִׁ֣ים פִּלַגְשִׁ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִנִּיחַ֩ לִשְׁמֹ֨ר הַבַּ֜יִת וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֤ם בֵּית־מִשְׁמֶ֨רֶת֙ וַֽיְכַלְכְּלֵ֔ם וַאֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֹא־בָ֑א וַתִּהְיֶ֧ינָה צְרֻרֹ֛ות עַד־יֹ֥ום מֻתָ֖ן אַלְמְנ֥וּת חַיּֽוּת׃ ס
And Dawid came to his house in Yerushalayim. And the king took the ten women, concubines, whom he had left to guard the house, and placed them in a guarded house and provided for them, but he did not go in to them. And they were shut up until the day of their death, in widowhood of life.
Morphology
- וַיָּבֹא (vayyavo) – Root: בוא; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “And he came”; Notes: Refers to Dawid returning.
- דָוִד (Dawid) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the action.
- אֶל־בֵּיתֹו (el-beit-o) – Root: בית; Form: Preposition + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his house”; Notes: Indicates destination.
- יְרוּשָׁלָם (Yerushalayim) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Location of his house.
- וַיִּקַּח (vayyiqaḥ) – Root: לקח; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “and he took”; Notes: Action by the king.
- הַמֶּלֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Definite noun; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Refers to Dawid.
- אֵת עֶשֶׂר־נָשִׁים (et ʿeser-nashim) – Root: עשר, אשה; Form: Accusative marker + number + plural noun; Translation: “the ten women”; Notes: Direct object of the verb “took.”
- פִּלַגְשִׁים (pilaqshim) – Root: פלגש; Form: Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “concubines”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s secondary wives.
- אֲשֶׁר הִנִּיחַ (asher hinniyaḥ) – Root: נוח; Form: Relative particle + Hifil perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “whom he had left”; Notes: Indicates purpose of their being left behind.
- לִשְׁמֹר (lishmor) – Root: שמר; Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to guard”; Notes: Purpose of their placement.
- הַבַּיִת (ha-bayit) – Root: בית; Form: Definite noun; Translation: “the house”; Notes: The royal residence.
- וַיִּתְּנֵם (vayyit’nen) – Root: נתן; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd plural suffix; Translation: “and he placed them”; Notes: Refers to transferring them into seclusion.
- בֵּית־מִשְׁמֶרֶת (beit-mishmeret) – Root: בית, שמר; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “a house of guarding”; Notes: A guarded or restricted house.
- וַיְכַלְכְּלֵם (vayekalkelem) – Root: כלכל; Form: Wayyiqtol Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd plural suffix; Translation: “and he provided for them”; Notes: Shows that he maintained them materially.
- וַאֲלֵיהֶם (vaʾaleihem) – Root: אל; Form: Conjunction + preposition with 3rd plural suffix; Translation: “but to them”; Notes: Contrastive usage with “not came.”
- לֹא־בָא (lo-va) – Root: בוא; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “he did not go in”; Notes: Euphemism for sexual relations.
- וַתִּהְיֶינָה (vattihyenah) – Root: היה; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural; Translation: “and they became”; Notes: Describes their final condition.
- צְרֻרוֹת (tzerurot) – Root: צרר; Form: Passive participle, feminine plural; Translation: “shut up” / “restricted”; Notes: Indicates isolation.
- עַד־יֹום מֻתָן (ʿad-yom mutan) – Root: מות; Form: Preposition + noun + construct; Translation: “until the day of their death”; Notes: Time frame of their seclusion.
- אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת (almenut ḥayyut) – Root: אלמן, חי; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “widowhood of life”; Notes: Expresses paradox of living as widows while their husband was alive.