2 Samuel 21:15

וַתְּהִי־עֹ֧וד מִלְחָמָ֛ה לַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּ֨רֶד דָּוִ֜ד וַעֲבָדָ֥יו עִמֹּ֛ו וַיִּלָּחֲמ֥וּ אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וַיָּ֥עַף דָּוִֽד׃

And again there was war of the Pelishtim against Yisraʾel, and Dawid went down, and his servants with him, and they fought against the Pelishtim; and Dawid grew weary.

Morphology

1. וַתְּהִי (vattəhi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And there was”; Notes: Feminine verb agrees with the feminine noun “milḥamah.”
2. עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “again”; Notes: Indicates repetition of a previous event.
3. מִלְחָמָה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “war”; Notes: Subject of the clause.
4. לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים (la-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת (Peleshet); Form: Preposition + definite article + proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the Pelishtim”; Notes: Indicates the party waging war.
5. אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל (et-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “against Yisraʾel”; Notes: Object of the war.
6. וַיֵּרֶד (vayyéred) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he went down”; Notes: Common verb of movement; refers to descending to battle.
7. דָּוִד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb “went down.”
8. וַעֲבָדָיו (va-ʿavadav) – Root: עבד (ʿeved); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his servants”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s men, warriors or aides.
9. עִמֹּו (ʿimmo) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s entourage.
10. וַיִּלָּחֲמוּ (vayyillāḥamu) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Nifal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they fought”; Notes: Nifal used here in a reciprocal/combat sense.
11. אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּים (et-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשׁת (Peleshet); Form: Direct object marker + proper noun plural; Translation: “against the Pelishtim”; Notes: Object of combat.
12. וַיָּעַף (vayyāʿaf) – Root: יעף (yaʿaf); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he grew weary”; Notes: Indicates Dawid’s exhaustion, likely from age or battle fatigue.
13. דָּוִד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject placed for emphasis at end of the clause.