עַל־כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְתִרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ מִמְּקֹומָ֑הּ בְּעֶבְרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות וּבְיֹ֖ום חֲרֹ֥ון אַפֹּֽו׃
Therefore the heavens shall tremble, and the earth shall quake from its place, at the fury of YHWH of hosts and in the day of His fierce anger.
Morphology
- עַל־כֵּן (ʿal-ken) – Root: כן; Form: Preposition + demonstrative; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces the consequence of divine judgment.
- שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) – Root: שׁמים; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Refers to the sky or celestial realm.
- אַרְגִּיז (ʾargiz) – Root: רגז (ragaz); Form: Hifil imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will cause to tremble”; Notes: Expresses divine causation of cosmic fear or shaking.
- וְתִרְעַשׁ (ve-tirʿash) – Root: רעשׁ (raʿash); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav; Translation: “and it shall quake”; Notes: Refers to violent trembling, here of the earth.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Symbol of stability now being shaken.
- מִמְּקֹומָהּ (mi-mqomah) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “from its place”; Notes: Indicates dislocation or upheaval of the earth’s position.
- בְּעֶבְרַת (be-ʿevrat) – Root: עבר (ʿevrah); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “at the fury of”; Notes: Refers to burning wrath, especially divine.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאוֹת (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Plural noun construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Military title of YHWH, emphasizing His command over heavenly armies.
- וּבְיֹום (u-ve-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and in the day of”; Notes: Temporal phrase introducing the time of judgment.
- חֲרֹון (ḥaron) – Root: חרה; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “fierce anger”; Notes: Expresses intensity of divine wrath.
- אַפּוֹ (appo) – Root: אף; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His anger”; Notes: Common biblical idiom for wrath, literally “His nose.”