כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה בְּיֹום֙ טַהֲרִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִכֹּ֖ל עֲוֹנֹֽותֵיכֶ֑ם וְהֹֽושַׁבְתִּי֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים וְנִבְנ֖וּ הֶחֳרָבֹֽות׃
‘Thus says the Lord YHWH: “In the day when I cleanse you from all your iniquities, I will cause the cities to be inhabited, and the ruins shall be rebuilt.
Morphology
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a divine oracle or proclamation formula in prophetic speech.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Standard formula introducing a divine statement.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix (title of reverence); Translation: “Lord”; Notes: A reverential title used with YHWH to denote divine sovereignty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God, representing His self-existence and faithfulness.
- בְּיֹום (be-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Marks the specific time of YHWH’s action—temporal clause introducing divine restoration.
- טַהֲרִי (tahari) – Root: טהר (taher); Form: Qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “when I cleanse”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s purifying action removing sin and defilement from His people.
- אֶתְכֶם (etkhem) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker אֵת + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: Direct object of the verb—refers to the people of Yisraʾel as recipients of divine cleansing.
- מִכֹּל (mi-kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “from all”; Notes: Denotes complete removal or purification from every iniquity.
- עֲוֹנֹותֵיכֶם (ʿavonotekhem) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “your iniquities”; Notes: Refers to moral guilt, wrongdoing, or perverse behavior against YHWH.
- וְהֹושַׁבְתִּי (ve-hoshavti) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will cause to dwell” or “I will repopulate”; Notes: Causative form—YHWH will repopulate the desolated cities as part of restoration.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Introduces the direct object “the cities.”
- הֶעָרִים (he-ʿarim) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “the cities”; Notes: Refers to the urban centers of Yisraʾel that were previously depopulated and now restored.
- וְנִבְנוּ (ve-nivnu) – Root: בנה (banah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Nifal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “and they shall be rebuilt”; Notes: Passive form—emphasizes divine agency in the restoration of ruined cities.
- הֶחֳרָבֹות (he-ḥoravot) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “the ruins”; Notes: Refers to places desolated by judgment or war, now rebuilt under divine restoration.