Exodus 12:13

וְהָיָה֩ הַדָּ֨ם לָכֶ֜ם לְאֹ֗ת עַ֤ל הַבָּתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם שָׁ֔ם וְרָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם וּפָסַחְתִּ֖י עֲלֵכֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה בָכֶ֥ם נֶ֨גֶף֙ לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית בְּהַכֹּתִ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

The blood shall be for you as a sign on the houses where you are. When I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague shall be upon you to destroy you when I strike the land of Mitsrayim.

 

Morphology

  1. וְהָיָה֩ (vehayah) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And it shall be”; Notes: Refers to the blood serving as a sign.
  2. הַדָּ֨ם (haddam) – Root: דם (d-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The blood”; Notes: Refers to the blood of the *Pesah* lamb.
  3. לָכֶ֜ם (lakhem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition + 2mp suffix; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
  4. לְאֹ֗ת (leʾot) – Root: אות (ʾ-w-t); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “As a sign”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of the blood.
  5. עַ֤ל הַבָּתִּים֙ (ʿal habbatim) – Root: בית (b-y-t); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “On the houses”; Notes: Refers to the dwellings marked with blood.
  6. אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Where”; Notes: Introduces the clause referring to the location.
  7. אַתֶּ֣ם (atem) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, 2mp; Translation: “You”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
  8. שָׁ֔ם (sham) – Root: N/A; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Are there”; Notes: Specifies the presence of the Israelites.
  9. וְרָאִ֨יתִי֙ (veraʾiti) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 1cs; Translation: “And I will see”; Notes: Refers to YHWH observing the blood.
  10. אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם (et-haddam) – Root: דם (d-m); Form: Direct object marker + Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The blood”; Notes: The object of YHWH’s observation.
  11. וּפָסַחְתִּ֖י (ufasakhti) – Root: פסח (p-s-ḥ); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 1cs; Translation: “And I will pass over”; Notes: Refers to YHWH sparing the houses marked with blood.
  12. עֲלֵכֶ֑ם (ʿalekhem) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition + 2mp suffix; Translation: “Over you”; Notes: Indicates divine protection.
  13. וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה (velo-yihyeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “And no plague shall be”; Notes: Denotes immunity from harm.
  14. בָכֶ֥ם (vakhem) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + 2mp suffix; Translation: “Upon you”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
  15. נֶ֨גֶף֙ (negef) – Root: נגף (n-g-f); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Plague”; Notes: Refers to the destructive judgment.
  16. לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית (lemashḥit) – Root: שחת (sh-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “To destroy”; Notes: Refers to the destructive force.
  17. בְּהַכֹּתִ֖י (behakkoti) – Root: נכה (n-k-h); Form: Preposition + Verb, Hiphil, Infinitive construct + 1cs suffix; Translation: “When I strike”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s act of judgment.
  18. בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (beʾeretz mitzrayim) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts) + מצר (m-ts-r); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular construct + Proper noun; Translation: “In the land of Egypt”; Notes: Specifies the location of the judgment.

 

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