אָ֤ז נִבְהֲלוּ֙ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱדֹ֔ום אֵילֵ֣י מֹואָ֔ב יֹֽאחֲזֵ֖מֹו רָ֑עַד נָמֹ֕גוּ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י כְנָֽעַן׃
Then the chiefs of Edom were terrified; the leaders of Moab trembled. Panic gripped them; all the inhabitants of Kenaʿan melted away.
Morphology
- אָ֤ז (ʾaz) – Root: אז (ʾ-z); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Then”; Notes: Indicates a specific moment following earlier events.
- נִבְהֲלוּ֙ (nivhalu) – Root: בהל (b-h-l); Form: Verb, Nifal, perfect, third person plural; Translation: “Were terrified”; Notes: Refers to extreme fear or panic.
- אַלּוּפֵ֣י (allufei) – Root: אלף (ʾ-l-p); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Chiefs of”; Notes: Refers to tribal leaders or commanders.
- אֱדֹ֔ום (Edom) – Root: אדמ (ʾ-d-m); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Represents the nation descended from Esau.
- אֵילֵ֣י (eilei) – Root: איל (ʾ-y-l); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Leaders of”; Notes: Indicates strong or influential figures.
- מֹואָ֔ב (Moʾav) – Root: מואב (m-ʾ-v); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Moab”; Notes: Refers to the nation descended from Lot.
- יֹֽאחֲזֵ֖מֹו (yoʾḥazemo) – Root: אחז (ʾ-ḥ-z); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, third person masculine singular with pronominal suffix (third person plural); Translation: “Gripped them”; Notes: Describes being seized or overwhelmed by an emotion.
- רָ֑עַד (raʿad) – Root: רעד (r-ʿ-d); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Trembling”; Notes: Indicates fear or quaking.
- נָמֹ֕גוּ (namogu) – Root: מוג (m-w-g); Form: Verb, Nifal, perfect, third person plural; Translation: “Melted away”; Notes: Suggests despair or collapse.
- כֹּ֖ל (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “All”; Notes: Refers to the entirety of a group.
- יֹשְׁבֵ֥י (yoshevei) – Root: ישׁב (y-sh-b); Form: Participle, Qal, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Inhabitants of”; Notes: Refers to the residents of a specific region.
- כְנָֽעַן׃ (Kenaʿan) – Root: כנען (k-n-ʿ-n); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Kenaʿan”; Notes: Refers to the land of Canaan.