Exodus 15:16

תִּפֹּ֨ל עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם אֵימָ֨תָה֙ וָפַ֔חַד בִּגְדֹ֥ל זְרֹועֲךָ֖ יִדְּמ֣וּ כָּאָ֑בֶן עַד־יַעֲבֹ֤ר עַמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה עַֽד־יַעֲבֹ֖ר עַם־ז֥וּ קָנִֽיתָ׃

Terror and dread will fall upon them. By the greatness of Your arm, they will become as still as a stone, until Your people pass by, O YHWH, until the people whom You have purchased pass by.

Morphology

1. תִּפֹּ֨ל (tipol) – Root: נפל (n-f-l); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, third person feminine singular; Translation: “Will fall”; Notes: Refers to terror or dread overwhelming them.
2. עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם (ʿalehem) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition with pronominal suffix (third person masculine plural); Translation: “Upon them”; Notes: Indicates the recipients of the fear.
3. אֵימָ֨תָה֙ (eimatah) – Root: אימה (ʾ-y-m-h); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Terror”; Notes: Emphasizes a profound sense of fear.
4. וָפַ֔חַד (vafakhad) – Root: פחד (p-ḥ-d); Form: Noun, masculine singular with conjunctive vav; Translation: “And dread”; Notes: Adds intensity to the fear described.
5. בִּגְדֹ֥ל (bigdol) – Root: גדל (g-d-l); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “By the greatness of”; Notes: Refers to the vastness of God’s power.
6. זְרֹועֲךָ֖ (zeroʿakha) – Root: זרע (z-r-ʿ); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with pronominal suffix (second person masculine singular); Translation: “Your arm”; Notes: A metaphor for strength or power.
7. יִדְּמ֣וּ (yidmu) – Root: דמם (d-m-m); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, third person masculine plural; Translation: “They will become still”; Notes: Indicates a state of immobilization or silence.
8. כָּאָ֑בֶן (kaʾeven) – Root: אבן (ʾ-v-n); Form: Noun, feminine singular with prefix kaf (as); Translation: “As a stone”; Notes: A simile for utter stillness or lifelessness.
9. עַד־יַעֲבֹ֤ר (ʿad-yaʿavor) – Root: עבר (ʿ-v-r); Form: Preposition (until) + Verb, Qal, imperfect, third person masculine singular; Translation: “Until pass by”; Notes: Indicates the duration of the terror.
10. עַמְּךָ֙ (ʿammekha) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with pronominal suffix (second person masculine singular); Translation: “Your people”; Notes: Refers to Israel as God’s possession.
11. יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
12. עַם־ז֥וּ (ʿam-zu) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + demonstrative pronoun (this); Translation: “This people”; Notes: Emphasizes the people redeemed by God.
13. קָנִֽיתָ׃ (qanita) – Root: קנה (q-n-h); Form: Verb, Qal, perfect, second person masculine singular; Translation: “You have purchased”; Notes: Denotes God’s act of redemption.