וְיֹ֨ום֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֣֨ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֡֜ה אַתָּ֣ה וּבִנְךָֽ֣־֠וּבִתֶּ֗ךָ עַבְדְּךָ֤֨ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ׃
But the seventh day is a Sabbath to YHWH your God; you shall not do any work—you, your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, your livestock, and the sojourner who is within your gates.
Morphology
- וְיֹ֨ום֙ (ve-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “But the day”; Notes: Introduces the seventh day as distinct.
- הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י (ha-sheviʿi) – Root: שבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “The seventh”; Notes: Refers to the seventh day of the week.
- שַׁבָּ֖֣ת (shabbat) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “A Sabbath”; Notes: A day of rest dedicated to YHWH.
- לַיהוָ֣ה (la-YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + Proper noun; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Indicates that the Sabbath is for YHWH.
- אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ (eloheikha) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your God”; Notes: Establishes YHWH as the God of the speaker.
- לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֣֨ה (lo-taʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Negative particle + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2ms; Translation: “You shall not do”; Notes: Prohibits performing any work on the Sabbath.
- כָל־מְלָאכָ֡֜ה (kol-melakhah) – Root: מלאכה (m-l-ʾ-k-h); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “Any work”; Notes: Refers to all forms of labor.
- אַתָּ֣ה (atta) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, second person masculine singular; Translation: “You”; Notes: Addresses the individual directly.
- וּבִנְךָֽ֣־ (u-venkha) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “And your son”; Notes: Includes male offspring in the command.
- וּבִתֶּ֗ךָ (u-vittekha) – Root: בת (b-t); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “And your daughter”; Notes: Includes female offspring in the command.
- עַבְדְּךָ֤֨ (ʿavdekha) – Root: עבד (ʿ-b-d); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your male servant”; Notes: Refers to a male servant under the household.
- וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙ (va-amatkha) – Root: אמה (ʾ-m-h); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “And your female servant”; Notes: Refers to a female servant under the household.
- וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ (u-vehemtkha) – Root: בהמה (b-h-m-h); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “And your livestock”; Notes: Includes animals used for labor.
- וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ (ve-gerkha) – Root: גר (g-r); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “And your sojourner”; Notes: Refers to a non-Israelite residing within the community.
- אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ (asher bi-sheʿarekha) – Root: שער (sh-ʿ-r); Form: Relative pronoun + Preposition + Noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Who is within your gates”; Notes: Specifies the location of the sojourner.